SQL(Structured Query Language):
Structured Query Language (SQL) provides the ability to create and define relational database objects. After these objects are defined, the language permits one to add data to these objects. Once data has been added, one can modify, retrieve, or delete that data. The language provides the capability of defining what type of authority one might have when accessing the data.
Data Definition Language
As the name implies, there is a group of SQL statements that allows one to define the relational structures that will manage the data placed in them. The “CREATE” statements brings Relational Database Management System (RDMS) objects into existence. The types of objects one can create are STOGROUP, Database, Table space, Table, Index, View, Synonym, and Alias. The definitions of these objects are as follows:
STOGROUP: A storage group is a list of disk volume names to which one can assign a name. One defines the list of disk volumes and assigns the STOGROUP name with the Create STOGROUP statement.
Database: A database is a logical structure in which tables and indexes are later created. The database is defined and associated with a STOGROUP with a Create Database statement.
Tablespace: A tablespace is an area on disk that is allocated and formatted by the Create Table space statement.
Table: A table is an organizational structure which is defined in a Create Table statement. In this statement, the data attributes are defined by column, giving each column its own unique name within the table.
Page 57 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Index: A index is used in conjuction with the “Primary Key” parameter of the Create Table statement. It is made with the Create Index statement and provides the duplicate record-checking necessary for a unique key.
View: A view is an alternative perspective of the data present in a database. It is made with the Create View statement and can represent a subset of the columns defined in a table. It can also represents a set of columns combined from more than one table.
Synonym: The Create Synonym statement defines an unqualified name for a table or a view. Alias: The Create Alias statement defines an alternate qualified name for a table or a view.
After a table is created, additional columns may be added with an Alter Table statement. Any RDMS object that was made with a create statement can be removed with a drop statement.
In order to define RDMS objects, one needs various levels of authority. The following is a list of authority levels that can be granted to a user ID to operate on a designated database.
.
DBADM Database administrator authority com
DBCTRL Database control authority
DBMAINT Database maintenance authority
CREATETS Create Table space Authority
CREATETAB Create Table authority
DROP Drop authority on a database or subordinate objects
Data Manipulation Language
There are four SQL data manipulation statements(DML) available: Insert, Select, Update,
and Delete. After tables are defined, they are ready to store data. Data is added to tables through
IBMMAINFRAMES the SQL Insert statement. Once data has been inserted into a table, it can be retrieved by the use of the Select statement. Data stored in a table can be modified by executing the SQL Update
statement. Data can be deleted from a table by using the SQL Delete statement.
The SQL statements perform RDMS operations that can affect only one row at a time if desired. The same statements can, if required, affect many or all of the rows in a table. It is possible to select one row and insert it into another with one statement. It is also just as easy to select all of the rows from one table and insert all of them into another with a single statement. The same scope of operation applied to the update and delete statements. The scope of operation is controlled by the use of the WHERE clause. The operation will affect only the rows that satisfy the search condition. When no search condition specified, the entire table is affected.
There are additional language elements available that provide the ability to process the table data while it is being retrieved. In addition, there are a variety of functions that modify the value of the data that is returned in a query. There are column functions that act on all of the values of the selected rows for a specified column and return a single answer. There are also scalar functions that return a specific answer for each row that satisfies the search condition.
As mentioned previously, SQL provides the ability to filter what data is retrieved in a select statement by including the WHERE clause. The WHERE clause specifies a variety of comparisons between two values. The values could be column values or the result of an operation involving more than one column or a constant. The comparison operation are the same as those used in COBOL, with the exception of two additional operators. The first is the IN operator that compares a single value has a match in the specified list of values. The other is the LIKE operator, in which you can specify a value string that includes “wildcard” characters in such a manner that you can select rows of a table where column values are similar to the extent you require.
Page 58 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
SQL provides four arithmetic operations : addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. An arithmetic expression may involve any combination of column name or numbers. The arithmetic expression may itself be used as a column name or in a Select, Insert, Update, or Delete statement.
SQL provides the ability to sort the data retrieved from a table via the ORDER BY clause. In this clause, you can specify one or more sort column names as well as if each sort key is ascending or descending.
SQL also provides the ability to perform set manipulation operations. Using SQL, one can SELECT the intersection of two or more sets of data by coding a JOIN. A JOIN is any SELECT statement that has more than one DBMS object listed in its FROM clause. One can combine different sets of data by using the UNION operator. Other set manipulations can be executed by combining different operators and search conditions.
The Following are the most frequently asked questions.... .
Q1) What RDMS objects are created with the SQL CREATE statements?
A1) The SQL CREATE statements are used to create the following objects: com
STOGROUP A storage group
DATABASE A logical collection of tables
TABLESPACE An area that stores tables
TABLE A data structure organized by a specified columns
INDEX An alternate path to a table data
VIEW An alternate representation of one or more tables
SYNONYM An alternate name for local table or view
ALIAS An alternate name for a table definition which may be local
or remote, existence or nonexistent
Q2) What RDMS objects are required before you can create a table?
A2) Before you can create a table, you need an existing database and tablespace.
Q3) In what RDMS object does one first list column names?
A3) One first uses the column name in the CREATE TABLE statement.
IBMMAINFRAMES Q4) What is the syntax for a CREATE TABLE statement?
A4) CREATE TABLE table name (column name list
primary key (column name))
in database-name, tablespace-name.
Q5) Can one add columns to a table after it has been defined?
A5) Yes, one can add column to a table after it has been defined by using the SQL ALTER TABLE statement.
Q6) Where in a table are added columns located?
A6) The new columns are added to the end of the table.
Q7) After a table is defined, can columns be removed?
A7) The only way to remove columns from an existing table involves a migration program that extracts only the desired
columns of data, redefining the table without the unwanted columns, then populating the new table. One have to handle
all the old table’s dependents programmatically.
Page 59 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q8) Which RDMS objects can you change with the SQL ALTER statements?
A8) The SQL ALTER statement can change a table index, a table, a tablespace, or a STOGROUP.
Q9) What authority is required to create a table?
A9) In order to create tables, one needs CREATETAB privileges.
Q10) What is minimum authority required for one to create a tablespace?
A10) In order to create tablespaces, one needs CREATETS privileges.
Q11) When is it necessary to create a table index?
A11) It is necessary to create a table index whenever you want to enforce the uniqueness of the table’s
primary key.
Q12) What is a synonym?
A12) A synonym is an unqualified alternative name for a table or view.
Q13) What is a foreign key?
A13) A foreign key is the key defined in one table to reference the primary key of a reference table. This
.
foreign key must com
have the same structure as the reference table’s primary key.
Q14) What is referential integrity?
A14) Referential integrity is the automatic enforcement of referential constraints that exist between a
reference table and a
referencing table. When referential integrity is enforced, the value of a foreign key exists as a
primary key value in the
reference table. In other words, when referential integrity is enforced, all of the foreign key values in,
for example, the
table. “department code” column in an “employee” table exist as primary key values in a “department”
Q15) What are the column name qualifiers?
A15) A column name qualifier are used as a table designator to avoid ambiguity when the column names
referenced exists
in more than one table used in the SQL statement. Column name qualifiers are also used in correlated
references.
Q16) What is a correlation name?
A16) A correlation name is a special type of column designator that connects specific columns in the
various levels of a
multilevel SQL query.
Q17) What is a results table?
A17) A result table is the product of a query against one or more tables or views (i.e., it is the place that
holds the results of a
query).
Q18) What is a cursor?
IBMMAINFRAMESA18) A cursor is a named control structure used to make a set of rows available to a program. DB2 is the
relational database
system that runs in an MVS environment. It was developed by IBM and interfaces with SQL. With
the use of SQL
DB2, databases can be accessed by a wide range of host languages. SQL is the relational database "
application
Page 60 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
language " that interfaces with DB2. Because of its capabilities, SQL and, in turn, DB2 have gained considerable
acceptance. Thus, a working knowledge of DB2 increases one's marketability.
Q19) What is the basic difference between a join and a union?
A19) A join selects columns from 2 or more tables. A union selects rows.
Q20) What is normalization and what are the five normal forms?
A20) Normalization is a design procedure for representing data in tabular format. The five normal forms
are progressive
rules to represent the data with minimal redundancy.
Q21) What are foreign keys?
A21) These are attributes of one table that have matching values in a primary key in another table,
allowing for relationships
between tables. .
Q22) Describe the elements of the SELECT query syntax?
A22) SELECT element FROM table WHERE conditional statement.
Q23) Explain the use of the WHERE clause? com
A23) WHERE is used with a relational statement to isolate the object element or row.
Q24) What techniques are used to retrieve data from more than one table in a single SQL
statement?
A24) Joins, unions and nested selects are used to retrieve data.
Q25) What is a view? Why use it?
A25) A view is a virtual table made up of data from base tables and other views, but not stored separately.
Q26) Explain an outer join?
A26) An outer join includes rows from tables when there are no matching values in the tables.
Q27) What is a subselect? Is it different from a nested select?
A27) A subselect is a select which works in conjunction with another select. A nested select is a kind of
subselect where the
inner select passes to the where criteria for the outer select.
Q28) What is the difference between group by and order by?
A28) Group by controls the presentation of the rows, order by controls the presentation of the columns for
the results of the
SELECT statement.
Q29) What keyword does an SQL SELECT statement use for a string search?
A29) The LIKE keyword allows for string searches. The % sign is used as a wildcard.
Q30) What are some SQL aggregates and other built-in functions?
A30) The common aggregate, built-in functions are AVG, SUM, MIN, MAX, COUNT and DISTINCT.
IBMMAINFRAMESQ31) How is the SUBSTR keyword used in SQL?
A31) SUBSTR is used for string manipulation with column name, first position and string length used as
arguments. E.g.
SUBSTR (NAME, 1 3) refers to the first three characters in the column NAME.
Q32) Explain the EXPLAIN statement?
A32) The explain statement provides information about the optimizer's choice of access path of the SQL.
Page 61 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q33) What is referential integrity?
A33) Referential integrity refers to the consistency that must be maintained between primary and foreign keys, i.e. every
foreign key value must have a corresponding primary key value.
Q34) What is a NULL value? What are the pros and cons of using NULLS?
A34) A NULL value takes up one byte of storage and indicates that a value is not present as opposed to a
space or zero
value. It's the DB2 equivalent of TBD on an organizational chart and often correctly portrays a
business situation.
Unfortunately, it requires extra coding for an application program to handle this situation.
Q35) What is a synonym? How is it used?
A35) A synonym is used to reference a table or view by another name. The other name can then be written
in the
application code pointing to test tables in the development stage and to production entities when the
code is migrated. .
The synonym is linked to the AUTHID that created it. com
Q36) What is an alias and how does it differ from a synonym?
A36) An alias is an alternative to a synonym, designed for a distributed environment to avoid having to use
the location
qualifier of a table or view. The alias is not dropped when the table is dropped.
Q37) When can an insert of a new primary key value threaten referential integrity?
A37) Never. New primary key values are not a problem. However, the values of foreign key inserts must
have
corresponding primary key values in their related tables. And updates of primary key values may
require changes in
foreign key values to maintain referential integrity.
Q38) What is the difference between static and dynamic SQL?
A38) Static SQL is hard-coded in a program when the programmer knows the statements to be executed.
For dynamic SQL
the program must dynamically allocate memory to receive the query results.
Q39) Compare a subselect to a join?
A39) Any subselect can be rewritten as a join, but not vice versa. Joins are usually more efficient as join
rows can be
returned immediately, subselects require a temporary work area for inner selects results while
processing the outer
select.
Q40) What is the difference between IN subselects and EXISTS subselect?
A40) If there is an index on the attributes tested an IN is more efficient since DB2 uses the index for the
IN. (IN for index is
IBMMAINFRAMESthe mnemonic).
Q41) What is a Cartesian product?
A41) A Cartesian product results from a faulty query. It is a row in the results for every combination in the
join tables.
Q42) What is a tuple?
Page 62 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A42) A tuple is an instance of data within a relational database.
Q43) What is the difference between static and dynamic SQL?
A43) Static SQL is compiled and optimized prior to its execution; dynamic is compiled and optimized during execution.
Q44) Any SQL implementation covers data types in couple of main categories. Which of the following are those data
types ? (Check all that apply)
A). NUMERIC B). CHARACTER
C). DATE AND TIME D). BLOBS E. BIT
A44) A,B,C. Not all SQL implementations have a BLOB or a BIT data types.
Q45) We have a table with a CHARACTER data type field. We apply a ">" row comparison
IBMMAINFRAMES describes the process to
between this field and .
com
another CHARACTER field in another table. What will be the results for records with field
value of NULL?
(Check one that applies the best)
A. TRUE
B. B. FALSE
C. C. UNKNOWN
D. D. Error.
E. E. Those records will be ignored
A45) C. NULL in a row when compared will give an UNKNOWN result.
Q46) Any database needs to go through a normalization process to make sure that data is
represented only once. This
will eliminate problems with creating or destroying data in the database. The normalization
process is done
usually in three steps which results in first, second and third normal forms. Which best
obtain the third normal form? (Check one that applies the best)
A. Each table should have related columns.
B. Each separate table should have a primary key.
C. We have a table with multi-valued key. All columns that are dependent on only one or on some of the keys should be moved in a different table.
D. If a table has columns not dependent on the primary keys, they need to be moved in a separate table.
E. E. Primary key is always UNIQUE and NOT NULL.
A46) D. All columns in a table should be dependent on the primary key. This will eliminate transitive dependencies in
which A depends on B, and B depends on C, but we're not sure how C depends on A.
Q47) SQL can be embedded in a host program that uses a relational database as a persistent data repository. Some of
the most important pre-defined structures for this mechanism are SQLDA ("SQL Descriptor Area") and
SQLCA ("SQL Communications Area") SQLCA contains two structures - SQLCODE and SQLSTATE.
SQLSTATE is a standard set of error messages and warnings in which the first two characters defines the class
Page 63 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
and the last three defines the subclass of the error. Which of the following SQLSTATE codes is
interpreted as
"No data returned"?(Check one that applies the best)
A). 00xxx
B). 01xxx
C). 02xxx
D). 22xxx
E). 2Axxx
A47) C. 00 - is successful completion, 01 - warnings, 22 - is data exception and 2A is syntax error. The
SQLSTATE code
format returned for "No data returned" is "02xxx".
Q48) What are common SQL abend codes? (e.g. : 0,100 etc.,)
A48) -818 time stamp mismatch
-180 wrong data moved into date field
Q49) What is meant by dynamic SQL?
A49) Dynamic SQL are SQL statements that are prepared and executed within a program while the
.
program is executing. com
The SQL source is contained in host variables rather than being hard coded into the program. The
SQL statement may
change from execution to execution.
Q50) What is meant by embedded SQL?
A50) They are SQL statements that are embedded with in application program and are prepared during the
program
preparation process before the program is executed. After it is prepared, the statement itself does not
change(although
values of host variables specified within the statement might change).
Q51) What is meant by entity integrity?
A51) Entity integrity is when the primary key is in fact unique and not null.
Q52) What will EXPLAIN do?
A52) EXPLAIN obtains information (which indexes are used, whether sorting is necessary, which level of
locking is
the applied) about how SQL statements in the DBRM will be executed, inserting this information into
“X”.PLAN.TABLE where the “X” is the authorization ID of the owner of the plan.
Q53) What is the foreign key?
A53) A foreign key is a column (or combination of columns) in a table whose values are required to match
those of the
primary key in some other table.
Q54) What will GRANT option do?
A54) It will grant privileges to a list of one or more users. If the GRANT option is used in conjunction
with the “PUBLIC”
IBMMAINFRAMESoption, then all users will be granted privileges. Also you can grant privileges by objects and types.
Q55) What does the term “grant privileges” mean?
A55) Grant privileges means giving access/authority to DB2 users.
Q56) What is an image copy?
Page 64 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A56) It is an exact reproduction of all or part of a tablespace. DB2 provides utility programs to make full-image copies (to
copy the entire tablespace) or incremental image copies to copy only those pages that have been modified since the last
image copy.
Q57) What is meant by an index?
A57) An index is a set of row identifiers (RIDs) or pointers that are logically ordered by the values of a
column that has
been specified as being an index. Indexes provide faster access to data and can enforce uniqueness
on the row in a
table.
Q58) What is an index key?
A58) It is a column or set of columns in a table used to determine the order of index entries.
Q59) What is a join?
A59) A join is a relational operation that allows retrieval of data from two or more tables based on
.
matching columns com
values.
Q60) What is meant by locking?
A60) Locking is a process that is used to ensure data integrity. It also prevents concurrent users from
accessing inconsistent
data. The data (row) is locked until a commit is executed to release the updated data.
Q61) What is meant by null?
A61) This is a special value that indicates the absence of data in a column. This value is indicated by a
negative value,
usually -1.
Q62) What is an object?
A62) An object is anything that is managed by DB2 (that is databases, table spaces, tables, views, indexes
or synonyms), but
not the data itself.
Q63) Describe referential integrity?
A63) Referential integrity refers to a feature in DB2 that is used to ensure consistency of the data in the
database.
Q64) Describe a primary key?
A64) A primary key is a key that is unique, non-null, and is part of the definition of a table. A table must
have a primary key
to be defined as a parent.
Q65) How would you find out the total number of rows in a table? - GS
A65) Use SELECT COUNT(*) ...
IBMMAINFRAMESQ66) How do you eliminate duplicate values in SELECT? - GS
A66) Use SELECT DISTINCT ...
Q67) How do you select a row using indexes? - GS
A67) Specify the indexed columns in the WHERE clause.
Q68) What are aggregate functions?
Page 65 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A68) Bulit-in mathematical functions for use in SELECT clause.
Q69) How do you find the maximum value in a column? - GS
A69) Use SELECT MAX(...
Q70) Can you use MAX on a CHAR column?
A70) YES.
Q71) My SQL statement SELECT AVG(SALARY) FROM EMP-TABLE yields inaccurate results.
Why?
A71) Because SALARY is not declared to have Null’s and the employees for whom the salary is not
known are also
counted.
Q72) How do you retrieve the first 5 characters of FIRSTNAME column of EMP table?
A72) SELECT SUBSTR(FIRSTNAME,1,5) FROM EMP;
Q73) How do you concatenate the FIRSTNAME and LASTNAME from EMP table to give a
.
complete name? com
A73) SELECT FIRSTNAME || ' ' || LASTNAME FROM EMP;
Q74) What is the use of VALUE function?
A74) Avoid negative SQLCODEs by handling nulls and zeroes in computations.
Substitute a numeric value for any nulls used in computation.
Q75) What is UNION,UNION ALL? - GS
A75) UNION eliminates duplicates
UNION ALL: retains duplicates
Both these are used to combine the results of different SELECT statements.
Q76) Suppose I have five SQL SELECT statements connected by UNION/UNION ALL, how many
times should I
specify UNION to eliminate the duplicate rows? - GS
A76) Once.
Q77) What is the restriction on using UNION in embedded SQL?
A77) It has to be in a CURSOR.
Q78) In the WHERE clause what is BETWEEN and IN? - GS
A78) BETWEEN supplies a range of values while IN supplies a list of values.
Q79) Is BETWEEN inclusive of the range values specified? - GS
A79) Yes.
Q80) What is 'LIKE' used for in WHERE clause? What are the wildcard characters? - GS
A80) LIKE is used for partial string matches. '%' ( for a string of any character ) and '_' (for any single
character ) are the
two wild card characters.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q81) When do you use a LIKE statement?
A81) To do partial search e.g. to search employee by name, you need not specify the complete name; using
LIKE, you can
search for partial string matches.
Q82) What is the meaning of underscore ( '_' ) in the LIKE statement? - GS
Page 66 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A82) Match for any single character.
Q83) What do you accomplish by GROUP BY ... HAVING clause? - GS
A83) GROUP BY partitions the selected rows on the distinct values of the column on which you group by. HAVING selects
GROUPs which match the criteria specified
Q84) Consider the employee table with column PROJECT nullable. How can you get a list of
employees who are not
assigned to any project?
A84) SELECT EMPNO FROM EMP WHERE PROJECT IS NULL;
Q85) What is the result of this query if no rows are selected:
SELECT SUM(SALARY) FROM EMP WHERE QUAL='MSC';
A85) NULL .
Q86) Why SELECT * is not preferred in embedded SQL programs?
For three reasons:
If the table structure is changed (a field is added), the program will have to be modified com
Program might retrieve the columns which it might not use, leading on I/O over head.
The chance of an index only scan is lost.
Q87) What are correlated subqueries? - GS
A subquery in which the inner ( nested ) query refers back to the table in the outer query. Correlated
subqueries must be evaluated for each qualified row of the outer query that is referred to.
Q88) What is a cursor? Why should it be used? - GS
Cursor is a programming device that allows the SELECT to find a set of rows but return them one at a time. Cursor should be used because the host language can deal with only one row at a time.
Q89) How would you retrieve rows from a DB2 table in embedded SQL? - GS
Either by using the single row SELECT statements,or by using the CURSOR.
Q90) Apart from cursor, what other ways are available to you to retrieve a row from a table in embedded SQL? - GS
Single row SELECTs.
Q91) How do you specify and use a cursor in a COBOL program? - GS
Use DECLARE CURSOR statement either in working storage or in procedure division (before open cursor),
to specify the SELECT statement. Then use OPEN, FETCH rows in a loop and finally CLOSE.
Q92) What happens when you say OPEN CURSOR?
If there is an ORDER BY clause, rows are fetched, sorted and made available for the FETCH statement. Other wise simply the cursor is placed on the first row.
IBMMAINFRAMES Q93) Is DECLARE CURSOR executable?
No.
Q94) Can you have more than one cursor open at any one time in a program ? - GS
Yes.
Q95) When you COMMIT, is the cursor closed?
Yes.
Page 67 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
1. What is SQLCA and SQLDA?
2. What is 2 phase commit?
. com IBMMAINFRAMES
Page 68 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
DATABASE 2(DB2)
The questions and answers that follow are intended for those with a working knowledge of DB2 as a “self-test”.
Q1) What is DB2 (IBM Database 2)?
A1) DB2 is a subsystem of the MVS operating system. It is a Database Management System (DBMS) for
that operating system.
Q2) What is an access path?
A2) The path that is used to get to data specified in SQL statements.
Q3) What is an alias?
A3) It is an alternate name that can be used in SQL statements to refer to a table or view in the same or
remote DB2 subsystem. .
Q4) Explain what a plan is?
A4) Plan is a DB2 object (produced during the bind process) that associates one or morecomdatabase request
modules with a plan name.
Q5) What is a DB2 bind?
A5) Bind is a process that builds “access paths” to DB2 tables. A bind uses the Database Request
Modules(s) (DBRM(s)) from the DB2 pre-compile step as input and produces an application plan. It
also checks the user’s authority and validates the SQL statements in the DBRM(s).
Q6) What information is used as input to the bind process?
A6) The database request module produced during the pre-compile. The SYSIBM.SYSSTMT table of the
DB2 catalog.
Q7) What is meant by the attachment facility?
A7) The attachment facility is an interface between DB2 and TSO, IMS/VS, CICS, or batch address spaces.
It allows application programs to access DB2.
Q8) What is meant by AUTO COMMIT?
A8) AUTO COMMIT is a SPUFI option that commits the effects of SQL statements automatically if they
are successfully executed.
Q9) What is a base table?
A9) A base table is a real table - a table that physically exists in that there are physical stored records.
Q10) What is the function of buffer manager?
A10) The buffer manager is the DB2 component responsible for physically transferring data between an
external medium and (virtual) storage (performs the actual I/O operations). It minimizes the
amount of physical I/O actually performed with sophisticated buffering techniques(i.e., read-ahead
buffering and look-aside buffering).
Q11) What is a buffer pool?
A11) A buffer pool is main storage that is reserved to satisfy the buffering requirements for one or more
IBMMAINFRAMES
tablespaces or indexes, and is made up of either 4K or 32K pages.
Q12) How many buffer pools are there in DB2?
A12) There are four buffer pools: BP0, BP1, BP2, and BP32.
Q13) On the create tablespace, what does the CLOSE parameter do?
Page 69 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A13) CLOSE physically closes the tablespace when no one is working on the object. DB2 (release 2.3) will logically close tablespaces.
Q14) What is a clustering index?
A14) It is a type of index that (1) locates table rows and (2) determines how rows are grouped together in the tablespace.
Q15) What will the COMMIT accomplish?
A15) COMMIT will allow data changes to be permanent. This then permits the data to be accessed by other units of work. When a COMMIT occurs, locks are freed so other applications can reference the just committed data.
Q16) What is meant by concurrency?
A16) Concurrency is what allows more than one DB2 application process to access the same data at
essentially the same time. Problems may occur, such as lost updates, access to uncommitted data,
and un-repeatable reads. .
Q17) What is cursor stability?
com
A17) It is cursor stability that “tells” DB2 that database values read by this application are protected
only while they are being used. (Changed values are protected until this application reaches the
commit point). As soon as a program moves from one row to another, other programs may read or
the first row.
Q18) What is the function of the Data Manager?
A18) The Data Manager is a DB2 component that manager the physical databases. It invokes other system components, as necessary, to perform detailed functions such as locking, logging, and physical I/O operations (such as search, retrieval, update, and index maintenance).
Q19) What is a Database Request Module(DBRM)?
A19) A DBRM is a DB2 component created by the DB2 pre -compiler containing the SQL source statements extracted from the application program. DBRMs are input to the bind process.
Q20) What is a data page?
A20) A data page is a unit of retrievable data, either 4K or 32K (depending on how the table is defined), containing user or catalog information.
Q21) What are data types?
A21) They are attributes of columns, literals, and host variables. The data types are SMALLINT, INTEGER, FLOAT, DECIMAL, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE and TIME.
Q22) What is Declaration Generator(DCLGEN)?
A22) DCLGEN is a facility that is used to generate SQL statements that describe a table or view. These
table or view descriptions are then used to check the validity of other SQL statements at
precompile time. The table or view declares are used by the DB2I utility DCLGEN to build a host
language structure, which is used by the DB2 precompiler to verify that correct column names and
data types have been specified in the SQL statement.
Q23) What does DSNDB07 database do?
IBMMAINFRAMESA23) DSNDB07 is where DB2 does its sorting. It includes DB2’s sort work area and external storage.
Q24) What will the FREE command do to a plan?
A24) It will drop(delete) that existing plan.
Q25) What is a host variable?
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Interview QA- CICS
Customer Information Control System(CICS)
IBM’s Customer Information Control System (CICS) is an on-line teleprocessing system developed by IBM. By providing a sophisticated control and service database/data communication system, the application developer can concentrate on fulfilling specific business needs rather than on communication and internal system details. CICS allows data to be transmitted from the terminal to the host computer, have the data processed, access files/databases, and then have data to be transmitted from the terminal to the host computer, have the data processed, access files/databases, and then have data transmitted back to the terminal. To accomplish that, CICS uses a telecommunication package such as VTAM com or TCAM and various file access methods: VSAM, DL/1, DB2, etc.
1. Expanded features for the system programmer .
2. Improved above the line storage utilization
3. New options for many CICS commands
4. Improved cross-platform communication facilities Functionality
CICS provides the following support:
Data Communications
• An interface between the terminal and printers with CICS via a telecommunication access method (TCAM or VTAM).
• Multi Region Operation(MRO), through which more than one CICS region of a system can communicate
• Intersystem Communication (ISC), through which one CICS region of a system can communicate with other CICS regions in other systems
Application Programming
• Interfaces with programming languages such as COBOL and Assembler
• Command level translator
• An Execution Diagnostic Facility (EDF)
• A Command Interpreter
Data Handling
• An interface with database access methods such as DB2, DL/1, and VSAM
• An interface with error checking and reporting facilities
Terminology:
CICS has its own language. Some of the language abbreviations of CICS are:
Page 18 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
SIT System Initialization Table
PCT Program Control Table
PPT Program Processing Table
TCT Terminal Control Table
FCT File Control Table
TCP Terminal Control Program
TCTUA Terminal Control Terminal User Area
DCT Destination Control Table
TDQ Transient Data Queue
EIP Execution Interface Program
FCP File Control Program
ICP Interval Control Program
KCT Task Control Program
PCP Program Control Program .
SCP Storage Control Program
TCA Task Control Area
TCTTE Terminal Control Table Terminal Entry
TSQ Temporary Storage Queue com
TWA Task Work Area
AID Attention Identifier
CWA Common Work Area
MRO Multi Region Operation
QID Queue Identifier
IBMMAINFRAMES Q3) Specify CICS transaction initiation process. (From the perspective of CICS control programs and control tables.)
Q1) What are the six different types of argument values in COBOL that can be placed in various
options of a CICS command?
A1)
•Data Value - EX (Literal 8 or 77 KEYLEN PIC S9(4) COMP VALUE 8.)
•Data Area - EX (01 RECORD-AREA.
•Pointer-Ref 05 FIELD1 PIC X(5). )
- EX (05 POINTER-I PIC S9(8) COMP. )
•Name - EX (05 FILE-NAME PIC X(5) VALUE ‘FILEA’. )
•Label - Cobol paragraph name
•HHMMSS - EX (77 TIMEVAL PIC S9(7) COMP3. )
Q2) Kindly specify the PIC clause for the following
Any BLL Cell, Data type of Length Option field, HHMMSS type of data fields
A2) Any BLL Cell - S9(8) COMP
Data type of Length Option field - S9(4) COMP
HHMMSS type of data fields - S9(7) COMP3
A3) TCP places data in TIOA and corresponding entry into TCT.
KCP acquires the transaction identifier from TIOA and verifies if it is present in PCT.
SCP acquires Storage in Task Control Area (TCA), in which KCP prepares control data for the task. KCP then loads the application programs mentioned in PCT by looking for it in PPT.
If resident - real storage memory location is not present in the PPT the control is passed to PCP that loads the application programs from the physical storage location address given in PPT. The control is then passed to the application program (LOAD module).
Q4) List the sequence of steps used to achieve “Modification in Skip Sequential Mode.”
A4)
Page 19 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
I. READNEXT command
II. Issue the ENDBR command
III. Issue the READ command with UDTAE option.
IV. Manipulate the record (DELETE or REWRITE command)
V. Issue START command
VI. Issue two READNEXT commands (One for dummy skip)
VII. Go to step two.
Q5) Specify the requirements for Automatic Task Initiation. (Mention the control table, it’s entries and the corresponding Procedure division CICS command).
A5) DFHDCT TYPE=INTRA,
DESTID=MSGS,
TRANSID=MSW1,
TRIGLEV=1000
EXEC CICS WRITEQ TD .
QUEUE(‘MSGS’),
FROM(DATA-AREA),
END-EXEC. LENGTH(MSG_LEN) com
IBMMAINFRAMES END-EXEC END-EXEC
Q6) What are the commands used to gain exclusive control over a resource (for Ex a Temporary
storage queue.)?
A6) EXEC CICS ENQ EXEC CICS DEQ
RESOURCE(QID) RESOURCE(QID)
END-EXEC END-EXEC
Q7) What is the EIB parameter and the CICS command used to implement Pseudo-Conversational technique using single PCT - Single PPT entry?
A7) EIBCALEN - To check if COMMAREA has been passed in terurn command. EXEC CICS RETURN
TRANSID(data-name)
COMMAREA(data-area)
LENGTH(data-value)
END-EXEC
Q8) Mention the 5 fields available in the symbolic map for every ‘NAMED’ field in the DFHMDI macro? Give a brief description of these fields (Not exceeding a line).
A8) FIELD+L - Return the length of text entered (or for dymanic cursor positioing)
FIELD+F - Returns X(80) if data entered but erased.
FIELD+A - Used for attributes reading and setting
FIELD+I - Used for reading the text entered while receiving the map.
FIELD+O - Used for sending information on to the MAP.
Q9) What are the two ways of breaking a CPU bound process to allow other tasks to gain access to
CPU.
A9) EXEC CICS DELAY EXEC CICS DELAY
INTERVAL(hhmmss) TIME(hhmmss)
POST and WAIT commands also achieve the same result.
Q10) How do you initiate another transaction? The transaction initiated should be in a position to retrieve
Page 20 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
information pertaining to which transaction has initiated it and from which terminal. (Code
the required CICS
commands)
A10) EXEC CICS START
INTERVAL(hhmmss)/TIME(hhmmss)
TRANSID(‘TRAN’)
TERMID(‘TRM1)
FROM(data-area)
LENGTH(data-value)
RTRANSID(EIBTRNID)
RTERMID(EIBTRMID)
END-EXEC
EXEC CICS RETRIEVE
INTO(data-area) .
LENGTH(data-value)
RTRANSID(data-name)
RTERMID(data-name)
END-EXEC com
IBMMAINFRAMES DATASET(‘FILENAME’) INTO(data - area)
Q11) Mention the option (along with argument type) used in a CICS command to retrieve the response code after
execution of the command.
A11) RESP( S9(8) COM.)
Q12) What’s the CICS command used to access current date and time?
A12) ASKTIME.
Q13) Into what fields will the date and time values be moved after execution of the above command?
A13) EIBDATE & EIBTIME.
Q14) How do you terminate an already issued DELAY command?
A14) EXEC CICS CANCEL
REQID(id)
END-EXEC
Q15) How do you dynamically set the CURSOR position to a specific field?
A15) MOVE -1 to FIELD+L field. Mention CURSOR option in the SEND command.
Q16) Which option of the PCT entry is used to specify the PF key to be pressed for initiating a transaction?
A16) TASKREQ=PF1
Q17) Specify the CICS command used to read a VSAM record starting with prefix “F”. Code all the relevant options.
A17) EXEC CICS READ
RIDFLD(data-area)
KEYLENGTH(1) GENERIC LENGTH(WK-LEN)
END-EXEC.
Page 21 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q18) Mention the option used in the CICS READ command to gain accessibility directly to the file
I/O area. (Assume
COBOL-II).
A18) SET(ADDRESS OF LINKAGE-AREA).
Q19) Which command is used to release a record on which exclusive control is gained?
A19) EXEC CICS UNLOCK END-EXEC.
Q20) How do you establish a starting position in a browse operation?
A20) EXEC CICS STARTBR---------- END-EXEC.
Q21) What is the option specified in the read operation to gain multiple concurrent operations on
the same dataset?
A21) REQID(value). .
Q22) What is the CICS command that gives the length of TWA area?
A22) EXEC CICS ASSIGN
TWALENG(data-value) com
END-EXEC.
Q23) What are the attribute values of Skipper and Stopper fields?
A23) ASKIP, PROT.
Q24) How do you set the MDT option to ‘ON’ status, even if data is not entered?
A24) Mention FSET option in DFHMDF or set it dynamically in the program using FIELD+A attribute
field.
Q25) What option is specified in the SEND command to send only the unnamed fields on to the
screen?
A25) MAPONLY_______________.
Q26) Which CICS service transaction is used to gain accessibility to CICS control tables? Mention
the one that has
the highest priority.
A26) CEDA
Q27) What is the most common way of building queue-id of a TSQ? (Name the constituents of the
Queue ID).
A27) TERMID+TRANSACTION-ID.
Q28) Into which table is the terminal id registered?
A28) TCT.
Q29) How and where is the TWA size set? .
A29) TWASIZE=300 in PCT table.
Q30) Which transient data queue supports ATI?
A30) INTRA-PARTITION Data queue.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q31) Code the related portions of CICS/COBOL-I programs to gain addressability to TWA area assigned to a
particular task. Assume that the size of TWA area is 300 bytes. What are the advantages if COBOL-II is used
in the place of COBOL? Code the above requirement in COBOL-II.
Page 22 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A31)
COBOL- II PROGRAM
LINKAGE SECTION.
1 PARMLIST.
2 FILLER PIC S9(8) COMP.
2 TWA-PTR S(98) COMP.
01 TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
02 DATA-AREA PIC X(300).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
……….
EXEC CICS ADDRESS
TWA(TWA-PTR) .
END-EXEC
SERVISE RELOAD TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
COBOL- II PROGRAM com
LINKAGE SECTION.
01 TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
05 DATA-AREA PIC X(300).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
……….
EXEC CICS ADDRESS
TWA(ADDRESS OF TWA-DATA-LAYOUT)
END-EXEC
………
IBMMAINFRAMES DEPARTMENT
Q32) Code a program meeting the following requirements.
‘EMPS’ is a transaction used to return information pertaining to an employee when the “EMPID” is entered on the screen. The information pertaining to an employee is present in a VSAM/KSDS dataset registered in FCT as “EMPINFOR”. The map and the working storage section of the emp-info are given for reference. If the employee id is found the information has to be sent to the screen (Status field) with the message “Emp Id: XXX found.”. If the emp-id key is not found then status field should array the message “Key not found.” and the ‘EMP ID” field should be set to bright. If the Exit option is set to “Y” then the task has to terminated. Use pseudo-conversation technique three (Single PCT and PPT).
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION FORM
EMP ID : XXX
EMP NAME :
EMP DESIG : SEX :
SALARY :
STATUS : EXIT : X
X - Input Field
Page 23 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Mapname - EMPFORM
Mapsetname - EMPFORM
Label given to various ‘named’ fields on the DFHMDF macro while defining the map shown above. EMPID, EMPNAME, EMPDESIG, DEPART, SEX, SALARY, STATUS and EXITINP.
Structure of the VSAM/KSDS file.
Working-Storage Section.
01 EMP-IOAREA.
05 EMP-REC.
10 EMP-KEY PIC XXX.
10 EMP-NAME PIC X(32).
10 EMP-SEX PIC X. .
10 EMP-DEPT PIC X(10)
10 EMP-DESIG PIC X(5).
10 EMP-SAL PIC 9(7).
A32) COBOL-II PROGRAM. com
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
77 LENGTH-OF-AREA PIC S9(4) COMP.
77 WS-RCODE PIC S9(8) COMP.
1 STATUS.
2 NORMAL.
5 FILLER PIC X(8) VALUE ‘EMP ID: ‘.
05 EMP-ID PIC X(3).
05 FILLER PIC X(6) VALUE ‘FOUND’.
02 ABNORMAL REDEFINES NORMAL.
05 ABMSG PIC X(17).
01 EMP-IOAREA.
05 EMP-REC.
10 EMP-KEY PIC XXX.
10 EMP-NAME PIC X(32).
10 EMP-SEX PIC X.
10 EMP-DEPT PIC X(10)
10 EMP-DESIG PIC X(5).
10 EMP-SAL PIC 9(7).
LINKAGE SECTION.
01 DFHCOMMAREA.
05 INPVAL PIC X(3).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
………..
IBMMAINFRAMESIF EIBCALEN=0
EXEC CICS SEND
MAP(‘EMPFORM’)
MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)
ERASE
END-EXEC.
Page 24 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
MOVE 3 TO LENGTH-OF-AREA
EXEC CICS RETURN
TRANSID(‘EMPS’)
COMMAREA(‘SEC’)
LENGTH(DATA-VALUE)
END-EXEC.
ELSE IFINPVAL = ’SEC’
EXEC CICS RECEIVE
MAP(‘EMPFORM’)
MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)
END-EXEC.
EXEC CICS READ
DATASET(‘EMPINFOR’) .
INTO(EMP-IOAREA)
RIDFLD(EMPIDI) com
LENGTH(LENGTH-OF-AREA)
RESP(WS-RCODE)
END-EXEC.
IF WS-RCODE NOT = DFHRESP(NORMAL)
MOVE ‘KEY NOT FOUND’ TO ABMSG’
MOVE DFHBMBRY TO EMPIDA
ELSE
MOVE EMP-NAME TO EMPNAMEO
MOVE EMP-SEX TO SEXO
MOVE EMP-DESIG TO EMPDESIGO
MOVE EMP-SAL TO SALARY
MOVE EMP-DEPT TO DEPARTO
MOVE EMP-KEY TO EMP-ID
MOVE STATUS TO STATUSO.
EXEC CICS SEND
MAP(‘EMPFORM’)
MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)
ERASE
END-EXEC.
MOVE 3 TO LENGTH-OF-AREA
EXEC CICS RETURN
TRANSID(‘EMPS’)
COMMAREA(‘SEC’)
LENGTH(LENGTH-OF-AREA)
END-EXEC.
IBMMAINFRAMESEXEC CICS RETURN
END-EXEC.
ELSE IF (EXITINPI NOT = ‘Y’)
EXEC CICS RETURN
END-EXEC.
Page 25 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q33) What does “Pseudo Conversational” mean?
A33) The programming technique in which the task will not wait for the end-user replies on the terminal.
Terminating the
task every time the application needs a response from the user and specifying the next transaction to
be started when
the end user press any attention key (Enter, PF1 through PF24, PA1,PA2 and Clear) is pseudo-
conversational
processing.
Q34) Explain the means of supporting pseudo conversation programming. (E.g. Storing and
restoring of states,
control flow, error handling)
A34) When we send a map using SEND MAP command. Immediately we release the program by
using EXEC
CICS RETURN command. In this command we mention the TRANSACTION ID which is to
be executed also specify the data that.shouldcombe stored in
after receiving the map. In this command we
COMMUNICATION AREA for later use. When this command is executed the corresponding
program is
released from the memory. After receiving the response from the terminal the program is again
loaded and this
time the data which we stored in communication area will be copied into the working storage
section. And
the map will be received with RECEIVE MAP command.
The variable EIBCALEN in EIB holds the length of communication area. In procedure
division we checks the value of EIBCALEN If it is zero, we first send the map followed by
RETURN command. Otherwise, that is if EIBCALEN is not zero, we know that this transaction
is not running first time and we receive the map by using RECEIVE MAP command.
Q35) What is the function of the CICS translator?
A35) The CICS translator converts the EXEC CICS commands into call statements for a specific
programming language. There are CICS translators for Assembler, COBOL, and PL/1.
Q36) How can you start a CICS transaction other than by keying the Transaction ID at the
terminal?
A36) By coding an EXEC CICS START in the application program
1. By coding the trans id and a trigger level on the DCT table
2. By coding the trans id in the EXEC CICS RETURN command
3. By associating an attention key with the Program Control Table
4. By embedding the TRANSID in the first four positions of a screen sent to the terminal.
5. By using the Program List Table
Q37) What is the purpose of the Program List Table?
A37) The Program List Table records the set of applications programs that will be executed automatically
at CICS start-up
time.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q38) What are the differences between and EXEC CICS XCTL and an EXEC CICS START
command?
A38) The XCTL command transfer control to another application (having the same Transaction ID), while
the START command initiates a new transaction ID (therefore a new task number). The XCTL
continues task on the same terminal. START can initiate a task on another terminal.
Page 26 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q39) What are the differences between an EXEC CICS XCTL and an EXEC CICS LINK
command.
A39) The XCTL command transfer control to an application program at the same logical level (do not
expect to control back), while the LINK command passes control to an application program at the
next logical level and expects control back.
Q40) What happens to resources supplied to a transaction when an XCTL command is executed?
A40) With an XCTL, the working storage and the procedure division of the program issuing the XCTL are
released. The I/O areas, the GETMAIN areas, and the chained Linkage Section areas (Commarea
from a higher level) remain. All existing locks and queues also remain in effect. With a LINK,
however, program storage is also saved, since the transaction expects to return and use it again.
Q41) What CICS command do you need to obtain the user logon-id?
A41) You must code EXEC CICS ASSIGN with the OPERID option.
Q42) What is a resident program?
A42) A program or map loaded into the CICS nucleus so that it is kept permanently in main storage and
not deleted when CICS goes “Short On Storage”. .
Q43) What is EIB. How it can be used? com
A43) CICS automatically provides some system-related information to each task in a form of EXEC
Interface Block (EIB), which is unique to the CICS command level. We can use all the fields of
EIB in our application programs right away.
Q44) What is some of the information available in the EIB area?
A44) I. The cursor position in the map
II. Transaction ID
III. Terminal ID
IV. Task Number
V. Length of communication area
VI. Current date and time
VII. Attention identifier
Q45) What information can be obtained from the EIBRCODE?
A45) The EIBRCODE tells the application program if the last CICS command was executed successfully
and, if not, why not.
Q46) What is the effect of including the TRANSID in the EXEC CICS RETURN command?
A46) The next time the end user presses an attention key, CICS will start the transaction specified in the
TRANSID option.
Q47) Explain how to handle exceptional conditions in CICS.
A47) An abnormal situation during execution of a CICS command is called an exceptional
condition".
There are various ways to handle these exception conditions:
1. Handle Condition Command: It is used to transfer control to the procedure label specified if
IBMMAINFRAMESthe
exceptional condition specified occurs.
2. Ignore Condition Command: It causes no action to be taken if the condition specified
occurs in
the program. That is control will be returned to the next instruction following the command
which
encountered the exceptional condition.
Page 27 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
3. No Handle Option: This option can be specified in any CICS command and it will cause no action to be taken for any exceptional condition occurring during execution of this command.
4. RESP Option: This option can be specified in any CICS command. If the RESP option
is
specified in a command, CICS places a response code at a completion of the command. The application program can check this code, then proceed to the next processing.
Handle condition:
Invalid handling of CICS error condition within the program causing the looping. Here is one example, most program have EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION ERROR(label) or EXEC
CICS HANDLE ABEND LABEL(label) to trap any error condition or abend. This type of
coding is usually acceptable if they handle the error / abend correctly in their handling
paragraph. However, the program often cause another error or abend within the handling
routine. In that case, looping or sos will occur. I strong recommend that the following statement
should be included in their ERROR handling paragraph.
EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION ERROR END-EXEC. It means that from now on, CICS will
.
com
handle all the errors and will not go back to error handling routine .For HANDLE ABEND, code
EXEC CICS HANDLE ABEND CANCEL instead. Please check the application program
reference manual for further explanation of these two commands. Besides, not only these two
HANDLE will cause the program, other type of error handle might cause loop too. So code the
HANDLE command carefully. It is a good program practice to deactivate the error handling
by EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION condition END-EXEC. Once you know that the
program won't need it anymore.
Q48) What is the function of the EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION command?
A48) To specify the paragraph or program label to which control is to be passed if the “handle condition”
occurs.
Q49) How many conditions can you include in a single HANDLE CONDITION command?
A49) No more than 16 in a single handle condition. If you need more, then you must code another
HANDLE CONDITION
command.
Q50) What is the EXEC CICS HANDLE ABEND?
A50) It allows the establishing of an exit so cleanup processing can be done in the event of abnormal task
termination.
Q51) What is the difference between EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION and an EXEC CICS
IGNORE command?
A51) A HANDLE CONDITION command creates a “go-to” environment. An IGNORE command does
not create a go-to environment; instead, it gives control back to the next sequential instruction
following the command causing the condition. They are opposites.
Q52) What happens when a CICS command contains the NOHANDLE option?
A52) No action is going to be taken for any exceptional conditional occurring during the execution of this
IBMMAINFRAMEScommand. The abnormal condition that occurred will be ignored even if an EXEC CICS HANDLE
condition exist. It has the same effect as the EXEC CICS IGNORE condition except that it will not
cancel the previous HANDLE CONDITION for any other command.
Q53) When a task suspends all the handle conditions via the PUSH command, how does the task
reactivate all the handle conditions?
Page 28 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A53) By coding an EXEC CICS POP HANDLE command.
Q54) Explain re-entrancy as applies to CICS.
A54) Reentrant program is a program which does not modify itself so that it can reenter to itself
and continue processing after an interruption by the operating system which, during the
interruption, executes other OS tasks including OS tasks of the same program. It is
also called a "reenterable" program or"serially reusable" program.
A quasi-reentrant program is a reentrant program under the CICS environment. That is, the quasi-
reentrant program is a CICS program which does not modify itself. That way it can reenter to itself
and continue processing after an interruption by CICS which, during the interruption, executes
other tasks including CICS tasks of the same program. In order to maintain the quasi-
reentrancy, a CICS application program must follow the following convention:
Constants in Working Storage: The quasi-reentrant program defines only constants in its ordinary
data area (e.g. working Storage Section ). These constants will never be modified and shared by the
tasks. .
Variable in Dynamic Working Storage: The quasi reentrant com
program acquires a unique storage
area (
called Dynamic Working Storage --DWS) dynamically for each task by issuing the CICS macro
equivalent GETMAIN. All variables will be placed in this DWS for each task. All counters would
have to be initialized after the DWS has been acquired.
Restriction on Program Alteration: The program must not alter the program itself. If it
alters a CICS macro or command, it must restore the alteration before the subsequent
CICS macro or command.
Q55) What are the CICS commands available for program control?
A55) The following commands are available for the Program Control services:
1. LINK: To pass control to another program at the lower level, expecting to be returned.
2. XCTL: To pass control to another program at the same level, not expecting to be
returned.
3. RETURN: To return to the next higher-level program or CICS.
4. LOAD: To load a program.
5. RELEASE: To release a program.
Q56) How is addressability achieved to the data outside programs working-storage.?
A56) The Base Locator for Linkage ( BLL ) is an addressing convention used to address storage
outside the Working Storage Section of an application program. If BLL is used for the input
commands (e.g.: READ, RECEIVE), it will improve the performance, since the program would
be accessing directly the input buffer outside of the program. In order to work as intended,
the program must construct BLL based on the following convention:
1). The parameter list must be defined by means of a 01 level data definition in the
Linkage Section as the first area definition to the Linkage Section, unless a
communication area is being passed to the program, in which case DFHCOMMAREA
must be defined first. The parameter list consists of a group of the address pointers, each
IBMMAINFRAMESof which is defined as the full word binary field ( S9(8) COMP ). This is called the BLL
cells.
2). The parameter list is followed by a group of 01 level data definitions, which would be the actual
data areas. The first address pointer of the parameter list is set up by CICS for addressing the parameter list itself. From the second address pointer onward, there is a
Page 29 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
one-to-one correspondence between the address pointers of the parameter list and 01 level
data definitions.
3). VS COBOL II provides CICS application programs with a significant improvements in
the area of addressability through the special ADDRESS register. Therefore, if an application
program is written in VS COBOL II, the program is no longer requires building the BLL
cells in the Linkage Section.
Q57) Explain the various ways data can be passed between CICS programs.
A57) Data can be passed between CICS programs in three ways- COMMAREA, TRASIENT DATA
QUEUE &
TEMPORARY STORAGE QUEUE.
Data can be passed to a called program using the COMMAREA option of the LINK or XCTL
command in a calling program. The called program may alter the data content of COMMAREA
and the changes will be available to the calling program after the RETURN command is issued in
the called program. This implies that the called program does not have to specify the
COMMAREA option in the RETURN command. .
com
If the COMMAREA is used in the calling program, the area must be defined in the Working
Storage Section of the program (calling), whereas, in the called program, the area must be
defined as the first area in the Linkage Section, using reserved name
DFHCOMMAREA.
Q58) What is the difference between using the READ command with INTO option and SET option?
A58) When we use INTO option with the READ command the data content of the record
will be moved into the specified field defined in the Working Storage Section of the
program. When we use SET option with the READ command , CICS sets the address
pointer to the address of the record in the file input / output area within CICS, so that the
application program can directly refer to the record without moving the record content
into the Working Storage area defined in the program. Therefore, the SET option
provides a better performance than the INTO option.
Q59) Can we define an alternate index on VSAM/RRDS ?
A59) No
Q60) What is the difference between the INTO and the SET option in the EXEC CICS RECEIVE
MAP command?
A60) The INTO option moves the information in the TIOA into the reserved specified area, while the SET
option simply returns the address of the TIOA to the specified BLL cell or “address-of” a linkage-
section.
Q61) How to establish dynamic cursor position on a map? How to get the cursor position when we
receive a map?
A61) We dynamically position a cursor through an application program using a symbolic name
of the symbolic map by placing -1 into the field length field ( i.e., fieldname + L) of the
field where you wish to place the cursor. The SEND MAP command to be issued must have
the CURSOR option ( without value ). Also, the mapset must be coded with MODE =
INOUT in the DFHMSD macro. We get the cursor position when we receive a map
IBMMAINFRAMESby checking EIBCPOSN, which is a halfword ( S9(4) COMP) binary field in EIB, and
contains offset position (relatively to zero ) of the cursor on the screen.
Q62) What is MDT?
A62) MDT ( Modified Data Tag ) is one bit of the attribute character. If it is off ( 0 ), it
indicates that this field has not been modified by the terminal operator. If it is on ( 1 ), it
indicates that this field has been modified by the operator. Only when MDT is on, will the
Page 30 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
data of the field be sent by the terminal hardware to the host computer ( i.e., to the
application program, in end ). An effective use of MDT drastically reduces the amount of
data traffic in the communication line, thereby improving performance significantly.
Therefore, BMS maps and CICS application programs should be developed based on careful
considerations for MDT.
Q63) What are the three ways available for a program to position the cursor on the screen?
A63)
I. Static positioning. Code the insert cursor (IC) in the DFHMDF BMS macro.
II. Relative positioning. Code the CURSOR option with a value relative to zero(position 1,1 is
zero) .
III. Symbolic positioning. Move high values or -1 to the field length in the symbolic map(and code
CURSOR on the
SEND command).
Q64) Name three ways the Modified Data Tag can be set on? .
A64) The Modified Data Tag can be set on:
1. When the user enters data into the field.
com
2. When the application program moves DFHBMFSE to the attribute character.
3. By defining it in the BMS macro definition.
Q65) What is a mapset?
A65) A mapset is a collection of BMS maps link-edited together.
Q66) What is the function of DFHMDF BMS macro?
A66) The DFHMDF macro defines fields, literal, and characteristics of a field.
Q67) Why is a TERM ID recommended in naming a TSQ?
A67) In order to avoid confusion and to maintain data security, a strict naming convention
for QID will be required in the installation. Moreover, for a terminal-dependent task (e.g.,
pseudo-conversational task), the terminal id should be included in QID in order to
ensure the uniqueness of TSQ to the task.
Q68) Explain the basic difference between Intra partition TDQ and Extra partition TDQ.
A68)
INTRA PARTITION TD QUEUEs It is a group of sequential records which are produced by the same
and / or different transactions within a CICS region. These Qs are stored in only one physical
file ( VSAM ) in a CICS region, which is prepared by the system programmer. Once a record
is read from a queue, the record will be logically removed from the queue; that is the record
cannot be read again. EXTRA PARTITION TD QUEUEs It is a
group of sequential records which interfaces between the transactions of the CICS region
and the systems outside of CICS region. Each of these TDQs is a separate physical file, and it
may be on the disk, tape, printer or plotter.
Q69) What are the differences between Temporary Storage Queue (TSQ) and Transient Data Queue
(TDQ).?
A69) Temporary Storage Queue names are dynamically defined in the application program, while TDQs
must first be defined in the DCT (Destination Control Table). When a TDQ contains certain amount
of records (Trigger level), a CICS transaction can be started automatically. This does not happen
IBMMAINFRAMESwhen using a TSQ. TDQ(extra partition) may be used by batch application; TSQ cannot be accessed
in batch. The Transient Data Queue is actually a QSAM file. You may update an existing item in a
TSQ. A record in a TDQ cannot be updated. Records in TSQ can be read randomly. The TDQ can be
read only sequentially. Records in Temporary Storage can be read more than once, while records
stored in Temporary Data Queues cannot. With TDQs it is “one read” only.
Page 31 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q70) What is the difference between getting the system time with EIBTIME and ASKTIME
command?
A70) The ASKTIME command is used to request the current date and time. Whereas, the
EIBTIME field have the value at the task initiation time.
Q71) What does the following transactions do?
A71) CEDF : CICS-supplied Execution Diagnostic Facility transaction. It provides interactive program
execution and debugging functions of a CICS programs.
CEMT : CICS-supplied Extended Master Terminal transaction. It displays or manipulates
CICS
control environment interactively.
CEBR : CICS-supplied Temporary Storage Browse transaction. It displays the content of
Temporary Storage Queue ( TSQ ).
CECI : CICS-supplied Command Interpreter transaction. It verifies the syntax of a CICS
command .
and executes the command.
Q72) Explain floating maps with illustration. com
A72) Maps which can position themselves relative to the previous maps on the screen or page are known
as the floating maps. For this you have to use special positional operands to LINE and COLUMN
parameters of the BMS macro definition. They are SAME, NEXT. Actually this floating map
concept is there only in Full BMS where as it is not available in Min. or Standard BMS macros.
RECEIVE MAP is not recommended in the case of floating maps. Hence these maps are normally
used to send information such as selected records from a database to screen but not for data entry. A
mapset can contain more than one m ap in it, you may use all these maps to build a screen. In that
case there are two ways to send these maps on to the screen
i ) Use separate SEND MAP commands one for each map involved. or
ii) Use ACCUM operand along with SEND MAP command and while sending really on
to the
screen use SEND PAGE to display them at one shot. The second one is called
cumulative mapping scheme where you also can use floating maps.
Let's take a situation where you have to build a screen like this
HEADER MAP (no. of A gr. employs)
DETAIL MAP (employee list )
TRAILER MAP (Press a key to continue...)
Under such situations whatever the detail map needed that is to be displayed again and again to
display all the information one screenful at a time. In this floating map concept helps.
Code the map like this
M1 DFHMDI ...... HEADER=YES,JUSTIFY=FIRST..................
M2 DFHMDI ...… ......................... LINE=NEXT....................
M3 DFHMDI ........TRAILER=YES,JUSTIFY=LAST...........................
Here M2 is detail map, which is coded as floating map. Procedure:
Every time using cumulative map technique send header (first) and followed by detail map next
IBMMAINFRAMESinto a page buffer once the page is full an overflow occurs by using CICS HANDLE OVERFLOW
command send first trailer map then header map ( This will do two things a) it sends previous map
on to the screen b) starts fresh page buffer ). Repeated this until no more records to be retrieved.
Here M2 is the one which holds the record values read from the file.
Q73) What is the function of the Terminal Control Table(TCT)?
A73) The TCT defines the characteristics of each terminal with which CICS can communicate.
Page 32 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q74) What does it mean when EIBCALEN is equal to zeros?
A74) When the length of the communication area (EIBCALEN) is equal to zeros, it means that no data
was passed to the application.
Q75) How can the fact that EIBCALEN is equal to zeros be of use to an application programmer?
A75) When working in a pseudo-conversational mode, EIBCALEN can be checked if it is equal to zero. A
programmer can use this condition as a way of determining first time usage(of the program).
Q76) Which CICS system program is responsible for handling automatic task initialization?
A76) The Transient Data Program(TDP).
Q77) In an on-line environment, how can you prevent more than one user from accessing the same
Transient Data
Queue at the same time?
A77) By issuing an EXEC CICS ENQ against the resource. When processing is completed, a DEQ should
be executed. .
com
Q78) When an application is invoked via the EXEC CICS START command with the from option,
how does the
application gain access to the common area?
A78) An EXEC CICS RETRIEVE command will access the common area.
Q79) The DFHCOMMAREA is used to pass information from one application to another. What are
some other ways
that this function can be accomplished?
A79) You can also pass information in the following ways.
- By using a temporary storage queue
- By using an intrapartition TDQ
- By using the Task Work Area
- By using TCTUA
- Through a file
Q80) How do you define Task Work Area?
A80) By defining it on the PCT (the Program Control Table)
Q81) What information do you get when an EXEC CICS STARTCODE is issued?
A81) You will be able to determine if the application was started by (1) a transient data trigger level(QD),
(2) a START command (S,SD), (3) user (U) or terminal input (TD), or (4) Distributed Program
Link(D,DS).
Q82) Which CICS command must be issued by the application program in order to gain access to
the Common
Work Area(CWA)?
A82) EXEC CICS ADDRESS with CWA option.
Q83) In which CICS table would you specify the length of the TASK WORK AREA (TWA)?
IBMMAINFRAMESA83) In the Program Control Table(PCT).
Q84) What is a deadlock?
A84) Deadlock (also known as a “deadly embrace”) occurs when a task is waiting for a resource held by
another task which, in turn, is waiting for a resources held by the first task.
Q85) Explain the term Transaction routing?
Page 33 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A85) Transaction routing is a CICS mode of intercommunication which allows a terminal connected to local CICS to execute another transaction owned by a remote CICS.
Q86) Explain the term Function Request Shipping?
A86) Function request shipping is one of the CICS modes of intercommunication which allows an application program in a local CICS to access resources owned by a remote CICS.
Q87) Explain the term “MRO” (Multi Region Operation)?
A87) MRO is the mechanism by which different CICS address spaces with in the same CPU can
communicate and share resources.
Q88) What are different system tables used in CICS?
A88) PCT, FCT, TCT, DCT, PPT
Q89) What is multitasking and multithreading?
A89) Multitasking is the feature supported by the operating system to execute more than one task
simultaneously. Multithreading is the system environment where the tasks are sharing the same
programs load module under the multitasking environment. It is a subset of multitasking since it
.
concerns tasks which use the same program. com
Q90) What is the difference between link xctl?
A90) Link is temporary transfer of control. Xctl is permanent transfer of control
Q91) Name some of the common tables in CICS and their usage.
A91) PCT Program Control Table - defines each transaction, containing a list of valid
transaction identifiers (transid) where each transaction is paired
with its matching
program;
PPT Program Processing Table - contains a list of valid program names and maps and
whether a current version is in the CICS region or needs to be
brought in as a
new copy;
FCT File Control Table - contains a list of files known to CICS, the dataset
name and status
(closed/open, enabled/disabled);
TCT Terminal Control Table - a list of the terminals known to CICS.
Q92) Name some common CICS service programs and explain their usage?
A92) Terminal Control, File Control, Task Control, Storage Control, etc. Each CICS services program
controls the usage
and status for its resource (file, terminal, etc) within the CICS region.
Q93) What is meant by a CICS task?
A93) A CICS task exists from the time the operator presses the enter key until the application program
returns control to
CICS.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q94) What is meant by program reentrance?
A94) A program is considered reentrant if more than one task can execute the code without interfering with
the other tasks'
execution.
Q95) What is the common systems area (CSA)?
Page 34 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A95) The common systems area is the major CICS control block that contains system information, including pointers to
most other CICS control blocks. The CSA points to all members of STATIC storage.
Q96) What is the COMMAREA(communications area)?
A96) This is the area of main storage designed to let programs or tasks communicate with one another, used in programs via
RETURN, XCTL and LINK commands.
Q97) What is the EIB (execute interface block)?
A97) The execute interface block lets the program communicate with the execute interface program, which
processes CICS
commands. It contains terminal id, time of day and response codes.
Q98) What is an MDT (Modified Data Tag) - it's meaning and use?
A98) The modified data tag is the last bit in the attribute byte for each screen field. It indicates whether
the corresponding com
field has been changed.
Q99) What is a transid and explain the system transid CEMT?
A99) Transid is a transaction identifier, a four character code used to invoke a CICS task. CEMT is the
master terminal
transaction that lets you display and change the status of resources - it is the primary CICS service
transaction.
Q100) What is the common work area (CWA)?
A100) The common work area is a storage area that can be accessed by any task in a CICS system.
Q101) How do you access storage outside your CICS program?
A101) In COBOL storage was accessed via BLL cells using the SET option of ADDRESS commands. In
COBOL II the
special register, ADDRESS OF lets you reference the address of any Linkage Section field.
Q102) How does COBOL II and CICS release 1.7 provide for exceptional conditions and how does
that differ from
VS COBOL and earlier CICS releases?
A102) VS COBOL used the HANDLE CONDITION command to name routines to pass program control
when exceptional
conditions were encountered. COBOL II and CICS release 1.7 introduced the RESP option on
many CICS
commands.
Q103) What is the meaning and use of the EIBAID field?
A103) EIBAID is a key field in the execute interface block; it indicates which attention key the user
pressed to initiate the
task.
Q104) How do you control cursor positioning?
IBMMAINFRAMESA104) It's controlled by the CURSOR option of the SEND MAP command using a direct (0 through
1919) or symbolic
value.
Q105) What are attribute bytes and how and why are they modified?
Page 35 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A105) Attribute bytes define map field characteristics (brightness, protection, etc); they are modified prior to issuing a
SEND MAP command, eg. from normal to intense to highlight an error field.
Q106) How do you invoke other programs? What are the pros and cons of each method?
A106) There are three ways:
1) Use a COBOL II CALL statement to invoke a subprogram. This method is transparent to
CICS, which sees
only the one load module.
2) An EXEC LINK is similar to a call; it invokes a separate CICS program and ends with a
RETURN to the
invoking program. or
3) An EXEC XCTL which transfers control to another CICS program and does not get control
back.
Q107) What is BMS?
A107) BMS is Basic Map Support; it allows you to code assembler level programs to define screens.
.
Q108) What is the difference between FSET and FRSET? com
A108) FSET specifies that the modified data tag should be turned on before the map is sent to the screen.
FRSET turns off
the attribute byte; it's used to transmit only changed data from the terminal.
Q109) What is the difference between the enter key, the PF keys and the PA keys?
A109) The enter and PF keys transmit data from the screen; the PA keys tell CICS that a terminal action
took place, but
data is not transmitted.
Q110) Explain the difference among the EXEC LINK, EXEC XCTL and Cobol II static call
statements in CICS.
A110) COBOL II allows for static calls which are more efficient than the LINK instruction which
establishes a new run-
unit.
Q111) Are sequential files supported by CICS?
A111) Yes, but not as part of the File Control Program. They are supported as extra partition transient
data files.
Q112) What option can be coded on the RETURN command to associate a transaction identifier
with the next
terminal input?
A112) The TRANSID option.
Q113) What is an ASRA?
A113) An ASRA is the CICS interrupt code, the equivalent of an MVS abend code.
Q114) What is temporary storage?
A114) Temporary storage is either main or auxiliary storage that allows the program to save data between
IBMMAINFRAMEStask invocations.
Q115) What is transient data?
A115) Transient data provides CICS programs with a simple method for sequential processing, often used to produce
output for 3270 printers.
Page 36 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q116) What are the two types of transient data queues?
A116) They are intrapartition, which can only be accessed from within CICS and extrapartition, which are typically used to
collect data online, but process it in a batch environment.
Q117) Where are transient data sets defined to CICS?
A117) They are defined in the destination control table (DCT).
Q118) Once a transient data queue is read, can it be reread?
A118) No, silly! That's why IBM calls it transient.
Q119) Name some commands used for CICS file browsing.
A119) STARTBR, READNEXT, READPREV, ENDBR and RESETBR.
Q120) What other file control processing commands are used for file updating?
A120) WRITE, REWRITE, DELETE and UNLOCK.
Q121) What is Journal Recovery and Dynamic Transaction Backout?
A121) Journal Recovery is recovery of changes made to a file during online processing. If a file has I/O
problems it is com
restored from a backup taken before online processing began and the journalled changes are
applied. Dynamic
transaction backout is the removal of partial changes made by a failed transaction.
Q122) What tables must be updated when adding a new transaction and program?
A122) At a bare minimum the Program Control Table ( PCT) and Program Processing Table (PPT) must
be updated.
Q123) What is the meaning of the SYNCPOINT command?
A123) SYNCPOINT without the ROLLBACK option makes all updates to protected resources
permanent, with the
ROLLBACK option it reverses all updates.
Q124) What do the terms locality of reference and working set mean?
A124) They refer to CICS efficiency techniques. Locality of reference requires that the application
program should
consistently reference instructions and data within a relatively small number of pages. The
working set is the
number of program pages needed by a task.
Q125) What do the keywords MAPONLY and DATAONLY mean?
A125) MAPONLY is a SEND MAP operand that sends only fields with initial values to the screen.
DATAONLY is the
SEND MAP operand that specifies only data from the map area should be displayed.
Q126) What is the MASSINSERT option?
A126) MASSINSERT is a WRITE option that modifies normal VSAM split processing, leaving free
space after the
inserted record, so subsequent records can be inserted without splits. It is ended by an UNLOCK
IBMMAINFRAMEScommand.
Q127) What is a cursor in CICS sql processing?
A127) A cursor is a pointer that identifies one row in a sql results table as the current row.
Q128) What are the DB2 steps required to migrate a CICS DB2 program from source code to load module?
Page 37 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A128) A DB2 precompiler processes some SQL statements and converts others. It creates a data base
request module
(DBRM) for the binding step. The bind process uses the DBRM to create an application plan,
which specifies the
techniques DB2 will use to process the embedded SQL statements. The link/edit step includes an
interface to the
CICS/DB2 attachment facility.
Q129) Name some translator and compile options and explain their meaning?
A129) For translator SOURCE option prints the program listing, DEBUG enables EDF and COBOL2
alerts the system to
use the COBOL II compiler. For the compiler XREF prints a sorted data cross reference and
FDUMP prints a
formatted dump if the program abends.
Q130) What is the significance of RDO?
A130) RDO is Resource Definition Online. Since release 1.6 RDO allows resources (terminals, programs,
transactions and .
files) to be defined interactively while CICS is running. com
Q131) What is CECI?
A131) CECI is the command level interpreter transid that interactively executes CICS commands. It is a
rudimentary CICS
command debugger which does not require coding an entire program.
Q132) What is CEDF?
A132) CEDF is the execute diagnostic facility that can be used for debugging CICS programs.
Q133) What is CEBR?
A133) CEBR lets you browse the contents of a specific temporary storage queue.
Q134) Name and explain some common CICS abend codes?
A134) Any AEI_ indicates an execute interface program problem - the abending program encountered an
exceptional
condition that was not anticipated by the coding. APCT - the program could not be found or is
disabled. ASRA -
most common CICS abend, indicating a program check, identified by a one-byte code in the
Program Status Word
in the dump. AKCP - the task was cancelled; it was suspended for a period longer than the
transaction's defined
deadlock timeout period. AKCT - The task was cancelled because it was waiting too long for
terminal input.
Q135) What is a logical message in CICS?
A135) A logical message is a single unit of output created by SEND TEXT or SEND MAP commands.
BMS collects the
separate output from each command and treats them as one entity. This technique may be used to
build CICS
IBMMAINFRAMESreports.
Q136) What are the CICS commands associated with temporary storage queue processing?
A136) WRITEQ TS, READQ TS, and DELETEQ, whose meanings should be self-explanatory.
Q137) What are the CICS commands associated with transient data queue processing?
A137) WRITEQ TD, READQ TD, DELETEQ TD, ENQ and DEQ.
Page 38 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q138) What is the meaning of the ENQ and DEQ commands?
A138) Neither command is exclusively a transient data command. The ENQ command reserves any user
defined resource
for the specific task. For enqueued transient data no other task will be able to write records to it
for as long as it is
enqueued. DEQ removes the lock.
Q139) How do you delete Item 3 in a five-item TSQ?
A139) You can't--at least not directly. Options, none of them good, include:
I. adding a logical-delete flag to the contents of each item;
II. moving item 4 to 3 and 5 to 4 and initializing item 5, all thru rewrites; this is a variant
on 1;
III. creating a new 'copy' TSQ that excludes the unwanted item, killing the old TSQ
(deleteq ts), writing the
new TSQ with the original name from the new TSQ, and then deleting the 'copy' TSQ.
This way, you .
will get an accurate report from NUMITEMS.
com
Q140) What CICS command would you use to read a VSAM KSDS sequentially in ascending
order?
A140) READNEXT reads the next record from a browse operation for any of the three VSAM files.
Q141) How do you get data from a task that began with a START command?
A141) The RETRIEVE command is used to get data from a task that began with a START command.
Q142) What is interval control and what are some of the CICS commands associated with it?
A142) CICS interval control provides a variety of time-related features - common commands are
ASKTIME,
FORMATTIME, START, RETRIEVE, and CANCEL.
Q143) What is task control and what are the CICS commands associated with it?
A143) Task control refers to the CICS functions that manage the execution of tasks. Task control
commands are
SUSPEND, ENQ, and DEQ.
Q144) What is the CICS LOAD command?
A144) The LOAD command retrieves an object program from disk and loads it into main storage - it's
primarily used for a
constant table that will be available system-wide.
Q145) What is the ABEND command and when would you use it?
A145) The ABEND command forces a task to end abnormally. It creates a transaction dump and invokes
the dynamic
transaction backout.
Q146) DB2 What is the difference between a package and a plan. How does one bind 2 versions of a
IBMMAINFRAMESCICS
transaction with the same module name in two different CICS regions that share the same
DB2 subsystem?
A146) Package and plan are usually used synonymously, as in this site. Both contain optimized code for
SQL statements - a
package for a single program, module or subroutine contained in the database request module
(DBRM) library. A
Page 39 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
plan may contain multiple packages and pointers to packages. The one CICS module would then exist in a package
that could be referenced in two different plans.
Q147) How to build up LU 6.2 communication?" and "what Pseudo-conversational and real
conversational
transaction are and their differences."
A147) Pseudo-conversational transactions are almost always the preferred method. In these mode CICS
releases resources
between responses to user input, i.e. the task is ended awaiting the user response.
Q148) Why is it important not to execute a STOP RUN in CICS ?
A148) Stop run will come out from the CICS region.
Q149) Why must all CICS programs have a Linkage Section ?
A149) To pass parameters from appl. Program to CICS.
Q150) A mapset consists of three maps and 10 fields on each map . How many of the following will
.
be needed ? com
A150) a) DFHMSD statements 1
a b) DFHMDI statements 3
b c) DFHMDF statements 30
Q151) How are programs reinitiated under CICS ?
A151) START COMMAND , RETURN COMMAND
Q152) Why doesn’t CICS use the Cobol Open and Close statements ?
A152) CICS AUTOMATICALLY OPENS AND CLOSES THE FILES THOSE ARE PLASED IN FCT
Q153) What is the difference between a Symbolic map and Physical map ?
A153) SYMBOLIC MAP IS USED BY USER AND PHYSICAL MAP IS USED BY SYSTEM
Q154) Can a program change protected field ?
A154) NO
Q155) How is the stopper byte different from an auto skip byte ?
A155) STOPPER command will stop after completing its field , whereas AUTOSKIP command Will skip
to next
unprotected field after completing its field.
Q156) By which CICS defined field can you determine the position of the cursor on the map ?
A156) ATTRIB FIELD
Q157) How will you place cursor on a field called ‘EMPNO’. This field belongs to mapset
‘MAPEMPG’
and map ‘MAPEMPM’ and Symbolic map ‘Empid-Rec’ ?
A157) BY INSERTING IC IN THE ATTRIB COMMAND
IBMMAINFRAMESQ158) How do you place the cursor on a particular position on the screen? - GS
A158) Move -1 to the length attribute of the field and use the CURSOR option.
Define the field with IC in the BMS map.
Use CURSOR(n m)??
Q159) What are the two outputs created as a result of generation of a map? - GS
A159) The map copybook and the load module.
Page 40 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q160) What is the difference between physical map and symbolic map? - GS
A160) The physical map is the load module and the symbolic map is the data structure.
Q161) What is the attribute byte? - GS
A161) Defines the display/transmission of field. most cases is an output field from the program.
Q162) How do you use extended attributes ?
A162) Define EXTATT=YES and the correct terminal type.
Q163) What are the 3 working storage fields used for every field on the map? - GS
A163) Length, attribute and input/output field.
Q164) What is MDT? What are FSET, FRSET ?
A164) MDT: Bit in the attribute byte indicating modification of field on screen. Happens on an input operation.
FSET: Sets MDT on to ensure field is transmitted. Happens on an output operation.
FRSET: Resets MDT. Until this happens, field continues to be sent. .
Q165) What is the use of DSECT parameter in BMS? com
A165) Is the parameter to generate a symbolic map.
Q166) Do you receive the attribute byte in the symbolic map?
A166) On EOF yes.
Q167) How do you make your BMS maps case sensitive?
A167) Use ASIS???
Q168) What is effect on RECEIVE MAP when PF key is pressed? PA key is pressed?
A168) When PF key is pressed, Data transmission may happen. When PA key is pressed, Data
transmission will not
happen.
Q169) What is the difference between a PF key & a PA key ?
A169) PF keys wake up the task and transmit modified data, PA keys only wake up the task.
Q170) Name the macros used to define the following: MAP MAPSET FIELD
A170) DFHMSD DFHMDI DFHMDF
Q171) Can you use OCCURS in a BMS map? If you do, what are the issues related with its use?
A171) Yes. cannot use group by clause???
Q172) Can you define multiple maps in a BMS mapset?
A172) Yes.
Q173) How is the storage determined in the symbolic map, if you have multiple maps?
A173) Storage for maps redefine the first. This means largest map has to be the first.
Q174) What is the meaning of BMS length of field = 0?
IBMMAINFRAMESA174) Data was not entered in the field
Q175) Can you simply check if length = 0 for checking if a field was modified?
A175) No, not if ERASE EOF was used.
Q176) What do you do if you do not want characters entered by the user to be folded to uppercase
?
Page 41 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A176) Use ASIS option on RECEIVE.
Q177) What does the BUFFER option in RECEIVE mean ?
A177) Brings the entire datastream from the terminal buffer.
Q178) What are the steps you go through to a create a BMS executable?
A178) Assemble to create CSECT and Link
Q179) When you compile a CICS program, the (pre)compiler puts an extra chunk of code. Where
does it get
included and that is it called? What is its length? - GS
A179) DFHEIBLK, DFHCOMMAREA.
Q180) List all the CICS tables and explain their contents. - GS
A180) PPT SIT
PCT JCT .
FCT SNT
DCT SRT
RCT TCT
com
Q181) I have written a CICS program. What tables should I setup to run this program? - GS
A181) PPT, PCT, (FCT, DCT, RCT (if needed)).
Q182) In which table would you make an entry for a BMS map? - GS
A182) PPT
Q183) What is the content of the PPT entry? - GS
A183) Length, Source, Use count, Lang, Res count DFHRPL number
Q184) For a CICS-DB2 program, how is the plan referenced? - GS
A184) Uses a RCT table.
Q185) How is dynamic memory allocated within a CICS application program? - GS
A185) Use a GETMAIN
Q186) What is the use of a TDQ, TSQ? - GS
A186) Temporary data stores.
Q187) How do you read from a TSQ? - GS
A187) Temp storage read command
Q188) If I create a TSQ from one transaction, can I read it from another transaction? - GS
A188) Yes. As long as they run in the same region.
Q189) What are extra partition & intra partition TDQs?
A189) Extra partition TDQs are datasets used for communication b'n CICS and other CICS/Batch
regions. Intrapartition
TDQs are queues for communication within regn.
IBMMAINFRAMESQ190) What is trigger level in the context of TDQs?
A190) For intrapartition TDQs specify the # records at which ATI happens. not applicable for extra
partition TDQs.
Q191) How do you fire a batch job from a CICS transaction ?
A191) Define an extrapartition TDQ as an internal reader and write the JCL to it. Terminate the JCL with /*EOF.
Page 42 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q192) What is ATI? What kind of TDQ can be used?
A192) Automatic Task Initiation. Intra partition TDQ.
Q193) Do you require a table entry for a TSQ?
A193) If recovery is needed.
Q194) Is there any entry for TSQs in CICS tables?
A194) Yes in the DFHTST.
Q195) What is the use of DCT?
A195) Destination Control Table used to define TDQs
Q196) What is ENQ, DEQ ?
A196) Task control commands to make resources serially reusable.
Q197) Can you issue SQL COMMIT from a CICS program? - GS .
A197) Yes.
Q198) What is the other way of terminating a transaction? - GS com
A198) EXEC CICS SYNCPOINT. Assuming it is a LUW. This will not end the Xn.
Q199) What is an ASRA abend ?
A199) Any data exception problem SOC7, SOC4 etc.
Q200) What is an AEY9 abend ?
A200) DB2/IDMS not up.
Q201) What are the situations under which NEWCOPY is required ?
A201) When a program has been used in CICS atleast once and then changed and recompiled.
Q202) What is EXEC CICS RETRIEVE ?
A202) Used by STARTed tasks to get the parameters passed to them.
Q203) Name some important fields in the EIB block ?
A203) EIBRESP, EIBCALEN, EIBRRCDE, EIBTASK, EIBDATE, EIBTIME
Q204) Can you use DYNAMIC calls in CICS ?
A204) Yes, the called routine must be defined in PPT and the calling program must use CALL identifier..
Q205) How do you handle errors in CICS pgms ?
A205) Check EIBRESP after the call or use the HANDLE condition.
Q206) Suppose pgm A passes 30 bytes to pgm B thru commarea and pgm B has defined its
DFHCOMMAREA to be
50 bytes . Is there a problem ?
A206) Yes, if B tries to access bytes 31-50.
Q207) When an XCTL is done, does the tranid change ? Is a new task created ? Does it cause an
IBMMAINFRAMESimplicit
SYNCPOINT to be issued ?
A207) No, No, Yes.
Q208) How do you execute a background CICS transaction ?
A208) With a START or ATI.
Page 43 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q212) What is an AICA abend?
A212) Runaway Task.
Q209) What is the difference between START and XCTL ?
A209) START is used to start a new task. It is a interval control command. XCTL is used to pass control to a program
within the same task. It is a program control command.
Q210) What is the usage of language in the PPT entry?
A210) Language interface and call parameters???
Q211) Can you have CICS code in a copybook? If yes, what happens during compilation?
A211) Yes. Needs to be preprocessed. com
Q213) How would you resolve an ASRA abend?
A213) In COBOL II start with CEBR, and get the offset/instruction. .
Q214) I invoke a transaction from CICS. The program has a code: MOVE DFHCOMMAREA TO
IBMMAINFRAMES WS-AREA.
What happens to this transaction? What happens to the other transactions?
A214) Junk may get moved in. Will cause Storage violation. ????
Q215) When you do a START, what will the value of EIBCALEN?
A215) Zero.
Q216) How are VSAM files Read in CICS pgms? - GS
A216) File Control Commands. Random, Sequential, forward and backward.
Q217) How will you access a VSAM file using an alternate index?
A217) Thru the path. Define path as an FCT and use normal File control commands.
Q218) How do you rollback data written to an ESDS file?
A218) Define the file as recoverable. in cases where records have been inserted into the file, you may need to run a batch
program to logically delete the inserted records.
Q219) I have done a START BROWSE on a VSAM dataset. Can I do another START BROWSE without doing an
END BROWSE?
A219) No.
Q220) Can you access QSAM (seq ) files from CICS ?
A220) No.
Q221) Can you access ESDS files from CICS ?
A221) Yes.
Q222) In the CICS command level all the re-entrancy issues are handled by the System(True or False).
A222) True
Q223) What are the three BMS options ?
A223) Minimum, Standard, Full
Q224) What are the beginning and end points of an LUW called?
A224) Sync point
Page 44 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q225) The DL/I database is a hierarchical database and the DL/I access method isthe access
method of the
Information Management System (IMS)(True or False)
A225) True
Q226) Before you can use a Temporary Storage Queue you must first define the Queue name in the
CICS
Temporary Queue Table)( True or False).
A226) False
Q227) The process of writing its own type of journal records by the application program, other
than the automatic
journalling provided by CICS is called
A227) Explicit Journalling
Q228) In order to display a formatted screen, a terminal must receive a series of data stream called
Native Mode .
Data Stream(True or False). com
A228) True
Q229) Which is the CICS control program which governs the flow of control among the CICS
application
programs?
A229) Program Control Program
Q230) What is the option of the DFHDCT macro which makes it possible to recover logically
deleted records from
an Intrapartition TDQ?
A230) REUSE=YES
Q231) CICS and DB2 can exist in the same region under the Operating system (True or False)
A231) True
Q232) What is the name of the facility provided by CICS to free the application program form the
problems caused
by NMDS (device and format dependence)?
A232) Terminal Paging
Q233) What is the command which will delete a program LOADed into the main storage using
LOAD command?
A233) RELEASE
Q234) Which is the option of the HANDLE AID command that will pass control to the specified
label when any key
is pressed?
A234) ANYKEY
Q235) What is the name of the mapset definition macro?
IBMMAINFRAMES
A235) DFHMSD
Q236) What is the access method used by DB2?
A236) SQL
Q237) What is the command that is used to add a new record to the file?
Page 45 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A237) READ with UPDATE followed by REWRITE
Q238) What will happen when the resource security check has failed on the program which has
been specified in the
PROGRAM option of the LOAD command?
A238) INVREQ
Q239) What is the command used to send a map to a terminal?
A239) SEND MAP
Q240) What is the command used to request notification when the specified time has expired?
A240) POST
Q241) If DATAONLY option is specified in the SEND MAP command what will happen?
A241) Only the symbolic map will be send
Q242) What will happen if the TDQ that you want to delete is not in the DCT?
A242) QIDERR will occur .
com
Q243) The read of a record from an Intrapartition TDQ is not destructive(True or False).
A243) True
Q244) An XCTL uses more CPU time than LINK (True or False)
A244) False
Q245) What is the primary function of the Sign-on Table?
A245) Register security information of all programs
Q246) Native Mode Data Stream (NMDS) is a mixture of Buffer Control Characters(BCC) and text
data (True or
False).
A246) True
Q247) When there are 2 records with the same key specified in a DELETE operation what will
happen?
A247) DUPKEY condition will be set
Q248) The application programs that contain the SQL statements must be Pre-compiled for
converting the SQL
statements into equivalent COBOL statements (True or False)
A248) True
Q249) What are the databases that CICS can access?
A249) DB2, DL/I, ORACLE
Q250) The first step in the development of an application system is the Requirement Analysis(True
or False).
A250) True
IBMMAINFRAMESQ251) CICS provides an interface through which the all the DL/I services can be used under
CICS(True or False).
A251) True
Q252) How to get the sign-on user-id from an application program?
A252) ASSIGN command with USERID option
Page 46 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q253) What is a Logical Unit of Work (LUW)?
A253) A sequence of operations logically tied together
Q254) Translation Time is not reduced if the Pre-compilation is done first(True or False).
A254) True
Q255) What is the general Command format of CICS ?
A255) EXEC CICS followed by the command
Q256) If you use the OPTIMIZE compiler option the size of the program can be reduced by 5 to
10%(True or
False).
A256) True
Q257) For multithreading an application program need not be re-entrant(True or False).
A257) True
Q258) Before issuing an ASKTIME command what will be the values in the EIBDATE and
.
EIBTIME fields if the com
EIB?
A258) The date and time at the task initiation
Q259) What is the error condition that is set when the file specified in the NAME option is not in
the FCT?
A259) PGMIDERR
Q260) For protecting a transaction using the transaction security function, the two things that must
be done are:
1. in the SNT entry of the user who you which to allow to access a protected transaction,
specify SCTKEY=n
2. In the PCT entry of the transactions that you wish to protect specify the TRANSEC=n.
(True or False)
A260) True
Q261) What are the various types of accesses that can be allowed by the SERVREQ option of the
DFHFCT?
A261) ADD,BROWSE,DELETE,READ,UPDATE
Q262) ‘CICS' system services provides an interface between CICS and the operating system and
carries out the
functions like loading and releasing of application programs, acquiring and freeing of
storage , task
scheduling, etc (True or False).
A262) True
Q263) What are the parameters that you have to give when you are using the CSSN transaction?
A263) None
Q264) What is the command that is used to delay the processing of a task for a specified time
IBMMAINFRAMES
interval or until a
specified time?
A264) WAIT
Q265) NMDS is both device dependent and format dependent (True or False)
A265) True
Page 47 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q266) Which is the EIB field that gives the date when a task was started?
A266) EIBDATE
Q267) Which is the AID that will not be identified in the ANYKEY option of the HANDLE AID command?
A267) CLEAR
Q268) Reading a record from a TSQ will logically delete the record from the Queue (True or
False).
A268) True
Q269) What is the option that is used to erase all unprotected fields during a SEND MAP
operation?
A269) ERASEAUP
Q270) What is the CICS command that is used to receive the un-formatted data from the terminal
or logical unit of .
a communication network? com
A270) RECEIVE
Q271) What is the command for reading a record form a TSQ?
A271) READQ TS, READQ
Q272) What will happen, if an out-of-range or negative value is specified in the LENGTH option of
the SEND
command?
A272) The OUTRAGE condition will be set
Q273) Which is the control table where you specify all the transaction that are to be started by
CICS after CICS
start-up?
A273) Sign-on table
Q274) A HANDLE CONDITION remains active until the end of the program or until another
HANDLE
CONDITION command (True or False).
A274) True
Q275) In the conversational mode the system waits for the user to enter his response and then press
an attention
mode of key, and while waiting the resources are held by the program or task. So conversational
programming is inefficient (True or False)
A275) True
Q276) Which is the macro used for making an entry in the PPT
A276) DFHPPT
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q277) The goal of a recovery process is to Maintain the integrity of the data processed by the
system and to
minimize the impact of a task or system failure (True or False).
A277) True
Q278) What is the primary objective of CICS ?
Page 48 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A278) To provide the control and services of the DB/DC system
Q279) If no exception handling is provided in the program, what will happen ?
A279) CICS will take the default action specified for the condition
Q280) What is the CICS supplied transaction which performs syntax checking of a CICS command?
A280) CEMT
Q281) What is the process of converting the CICS commands into the equivalent host language
statements called?
A281) Translation
Q282) What is the function of the LOAD command?
A282) To fetch a program, table or map to the main storage.
Q283) What is the CICS Command that is used for reading a record from the TDQ?
A283) READQ .
com
Q284) LENGERR, NOTAUTH and PGMIDERR are some of the common exception conditions that
can occur with
LINK and XCTL (True or False).
A284) False
Q285) Which of the following are recoverable CICS resources?
A285) Data files and data bases, Intrapartition TDQs, Auxiliary TSQs
Q286) Which is the program which determines whether a transaction should be restarted ?
A286) DTB
Q287) What is the command used for receiving a map from a terminal?
A287) RECEIVE MAP
Q288) The mode of achieving conversation with the user, by sending him the message and while
waiting for his
response, freeing the system resources is called
A288) Pseudo-conversation
Q289) Which is the command used for terminating a browse operation?
A289) ENDBR
Q290) What is the primary function of the Processing Program Table (PPT)?
A290) To register all programs and maps
Q291) Sync points cannot be requested by the application programs(True or False).
A291) False
Q292) Which is the command that is used to dump the main storage areas related to a task?
A292) DUMP
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q293) What is the CICS command that is used to copy a screen image of a terminal into another terminal?
A293) ISSUE COPY
Page 49 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q294) What is the name of the log which contains the information needed to restart the system,
including the task
sync point information and system activity key points, snapshots of key system tables, etc.
A294) Dynamic Log
Q295) The EIB field which gives the last CICS command executed is
A295) EIBRCODE
Q296) The READ command with INTO option will read the record specified into the data area
specified (True or
false).
A296) False
Q297) The attribute character is an visible 1 byte character which precedes a screen field and
determines the .
characteristics of the field (True or False).
A297) True
Q298) What is the function of the Terminal Control table? com
A298) To register all CICS terminals
Q299) Which is the CICS control program that provides communication services between user
written application
programs and terminals?
A299) Terminal Control Program
Q300) CICS Command level is
A300) Low level version of CICS macro level
Q301) TSQs can be written in the Main storage or Auxiliary storage (True or False).
A301) True
Q302) what is difference between call and link ?
A302) In case of call , whenever you do changes to the called program you need to compile the calling
program also. In case of link , it is not needed .
Q303) what are the differences between DFHCOMMAREA and TSQ ?
A303) Both are used to save data among tasks. but 1. COMMAREA is private to that transaction only .
like every transaction has its own COMMAREA created by CICS as soon as the transaction is
initiated . however TSQ , if queue id is known can be accessed by other transactions also 2.
COMMAREA length is s9(4) comp i.e. 65k . but TSQ can have any length.3. COMMAREA is
available only during the transaction is running. TSQ if created with auxiliary option resides in aux
memory and available even if main memory crashes.4.normally COMMAREA is used to transfer
data from one task to another while tsq is used widely within the task as a scratch pad.
Q304) What is Communication Area?
A304) Communication Area is used to pass data between the program or between the task.
IBMMAINFRAMESQ305) Which of the following statements correctly describe the syntax of CICS command
language?
A). If an EXEC CICS command must be continued onto a second line a hyphen (-) must be
coded in column 7 of the continued line.
B). If an EXEC CICS command must be continued onto a second line an 'X' must be coded
in column 72 of each line to be continued.
Page 50 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
C). An EXEC CICS command CANNOT be coded within a COBOL IF statement, between the IF command and the period (.) ending it.
D). The END-EXEC delimiter is optional and never needs to be placed at the end of a CICS command.
E). The options specified within an EXEC CICS command can be in any order.
A305) E. The options specified within an EXEC CICS command can be in any order. For example 'exec CICS Send From(Msg1) Length(30) End-Exec' can also be coded 'exec Cics Send Length(30) From(Msg1) End-Exec'
Q306) A CICS program ABENDS with an ASRA ABEND code. What is its meaning?
A) A link was issued to a program whose name does not exist in the PPT (Program
Processing Table).
B) A program attempted to use a map that is not defined in the PCT (Program Control
Table).
C) A security violation has occurred. The operator is not defined with the proper authority in
the SNT (Sign-
on Table) to use a particular file
D) A program interrupt (0C0 or 0C1 or 0C2 or ...) has occurred in a CICS program.
.
com
E) An I/O error has occurred when attempting to use a VSAM file from a CICS program
A306) A program interrupt (0C0 or 0C1 or 0C2 or ...) has occurred in a CICS program.
Q307) Which of the following commands, when issued by 2 different programs running at the same time, will prevent simultaneous use of resource 'SINGLE'?
B) EXEC CICS PROTECT RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
C) EXEC CICS HOLD RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
D) EXEC CICS TASK SINGLE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
E) EXEC CICS EXCLUSIVE RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
A307) EXEC CICS EXCLUSIVE RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC
Q308) The map shown below is displayed with:
EXEC CICS SEND MAP('MAP1') MAPSET('MAP1S') MAPONLY END-EXEC. After the screen is displayed, the operator enters 1 character, the letter 'X'. Where will the cursor now appear on the screen?
MAP1S DFHMSD TYPE=MAP,MODE=INOUT,CTRL=(FREEKB,FRSET),LANG=COBOL, X TIOAPFX=YESMAP1
DFHMDI SIZE=(24,80) DFHMDF POS=(5,1),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1FIELD2 DFHMDF
POS=(5,3),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1FIELD3 DFHMDF POS=(5,5),ATTRB=(UNPROT,IC),LENGTH=1FIELD4 DFHMDF POS=(5,7),ATTRB=ASKIP,LENGTH=1FIELD5 DFHMDF POS=(5,9),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1,INITIAL='Z' DFHMDF POS=(5,11),ATTRB=ASKIP,LENGTH=1 DFHMSD TYPE=FINAL
A) In the field with a POS=(5,1) B) In FIELD2. C) In FIELD3. D) In FIELD4. E) In FIELD5.
A308) In FIELD5
Q309) How can you accomplish breakpoint in intertest?
A309) U-for unconditional breakpoint, C-for conditional breakpoint, and A-for automatic breakpoint
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q310) How many ways are there for initiating a transaction? what are they?
A310) There are six ways in initiating a transaction.they are as follows.
1. embedding four character transid on the top left most corner of the screen.
2. making use of EXEC CICS START TRANSID ( )
3. making use of EXEC CICS RETURN TRANSID ( )
Page 51 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
4. By defining the transid in DCT (destination control table) to enable ATI (AUTOMATIC TASK INITIATION)
5. Making use of PLT ( program list table)
6. By associating four character transid in PCT (program control table)
Q311) Which type of TDQ is read destructive?
A311) Intrapartition TDQ is read destructive. extra partition tdq is not read destructive.
Q312) The error code AEIV?
A312) This is the error code for length, if length of the source data is more than the receiving field, This
error will occur.
Q313) What is the size of commarea
A313) The default commarea size is 65k.
Q314) What is ASRAABEND in CICS?
A314) It occurs when program interruption takes place. e.g.: when alphanumeric string moved to numeric
data item OR .
com
when arithmetic calculations performed on nonnumeric data item OR when an attempt made to
read an occurrence
of a table beyond the defined occurrences.
Q315) What is a two Phase commit in CICS?
A315) This occurs when a programmer Issues a Exec CICS Syncpoint command. this is called two phase
because CICS
are will first commit changes to the resources under its control like VSAM files. and the DB2 changes
committed. Usually CICS signals Db2 to complete the next phase and release all the locks.
Q316) Difference between TSQ & TDQ
A316) TDQ is read destructive, TSQ is not. TSQ can be created dynamically, TDQ cannot be created
dynamically. TSQ is
temporary in nature (i.e. it will be deleted when the program finishes execution, unless it is made
permanent by
making a entry in the Temporary Storage Table), TDQ is not.
Q317) What is ENQ in CICS?
A317) If any one want to restrict Trans-Id to single user, enter trans-id with ENQ. It won't allow any one
else to use the
same trans-id.
Q318) In SYMBOLIC Cursor Positioning after moving -1 to the length field also the cursor is not
positioned in that particular field. Give reasons?
A318) You have to explicitly specify the word CURSOR between your EXEC CICS and END-EXEC in
the program.
Q319) What does EIB mean?
A319) The EIB is the EXECUTIVE INTERFACE BLOCK. It is not the EXECUTE INTERFACE
IBMMAINFRAMESBLOCK. All TP
monitors or transaction processors are know as EXECUTIVEs as they carry out process on behalf
of a program
module. CICS and DB2 are executives.
Q320) How many exceptional condition can be given in a HANDLE CONDITION?
A320) Max. of 12 exceptional conditions can be given in a single HANDLE CONDITION.
Page 52 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q321) How do you access the records randomly in TSQ ?
A321) By specifying the ITEM option
Q322) What command do you issue to delete a record in a transient data queue ?
A322) READQ TD, the read is destructive.
Q323) What are different ways of initiating transaction in CICS ?
A323) We can initiate cics transaction a) by giving transaction id b) by giving cics start command c)
automatic task
initiation.
Q324) What is the difference between LINK and XCTL ?
A324) The XCTL command passes control to another program, but the resources requested by the first
program may still
be allocated. A task does not end until a RETURN statement is executed. While in LINK
command, program control
resumes its instruction following the LINK parameter. The disadvantage of LINK is that it requires
that both the com
needed. calling program and the called program remain in main memory even though both are no longer
Q325) What is the difference between CICS Program Control Table (PCT) and CICS Processing
Program Table (PPT) ?
A325) PCT contains a list of valid transaction ID. Each transaction ID is paired with the name of the
program ,CICS will
load and execute when the transaction is invoked. On the other hand, PPT indicates each program's
location which
pertains to a storage address if the program has already been loaded or a disk location if the
program hasn't been
loaded. PPT will also be used to determine whether it will load a new copy of the program when
the transaction is
invoked.
Q326) What are the 3 common ways to create maps?
A326) The first way is to code a physical map and then code a matching symbolic map in your COBOL
program. The
second way to create a physical map along with a matching symbolic map is to code only the
physical map using the
&SYSPARM option, CICS will automatically create a member in a COPY library. And the third
way is to use a
map generator such as SDF (Screen Definition Facility)
Q327) What is Quasi-reentrancy?
A327) There are times when many users are concurrently using the same program, this is what we call
MultiThreading. For
example, 50 users are using program A, CICS will provide 50 Working storage for that program
IBMMAINFRAMES but one Procedure
Division. And this technique is known as quasi-reentrancy
Q328) What is the difference between a physical BMS mapset and a logical BMS mapset?
A328) The physical mapset is a load module used to map the data to the screen at execution time. The symbolic map is the
actual copybook member used in the program to reference the input and output fields on the
screen.
Page 53 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q329) How To Set MDT(Modified Data Tag) Thru Application Program?(Dynamically)?
A329) You have to move the following macro DFHBMFSE to the Attribute field of that particular Variable.
Q330) What CICS facilities can you use to save data between the transactions?
A330) COMMONAREA, TSQ & TDQ.
Q331) How would you release control of the record in a READ for UPDATE?
A331) By issuing a REWRITE,DELETE, or UNLOCK command or by ending the task.
Q332) What is the difference between a RETURN with TRANSID and XCTL ?For example prog.
A is issuing REUTRN with TRANSID to prog B. Prog A. is issuing XCTL to prog B?
A332) In RETURN with TRANSID the control goes to the CICS region and the user have to transfer the
control to prog. B
by pressing any of the AID KEYS.In XCTL the control is directly transfer to prog. B.
Q333) What will be the length of the eibcalen ,if the transaction is used to cics first time?
A333) The length will be 0(zero). .
Q334) What is DFHEIBLK? com
A334) DFHEIBLK is Execute Interface Block. It is placed in the linkage section automatically by CICS
translator program.
It must be the first entry in linkage section. CICS places values prior to giving control to the
program and we can
find almost any information about our transaction.
Q335) What is the difference between the XCTL and LINK commands?
A335) The LINK command anticipates return of control to the calling program, the XCTL command does
not. Return to
the calling program will be the result of the CICS RETURN command, specifying
TRANSID(name of the calling
program).
Q336) What CICS command would you use to read a VSAM KSDS sequentially in ascending
order?
A336) First issue a STARTBR(start browse), which will position the browse at the desired record.
Retrieve records by
using subsequent READNEXT commands. Indicate the end of sequential processing with the
ENDBR command. If
the generic key is specified in the STARTBR command positioning in the file will be before the
first record
satisfying the generic key.For reading in descending order use the READPREV instead of
READNEXT.
Q337) What is the difference between pseudo-conversational and conversational?
A337) Pseudo-conversational will start a new task for each input. By coding a CICS RETURN command
specifying ‘
TRANSID(itself). Conversational will have an active task during the duration of the data entry.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q338) What is the COMMAREA(communications area)?
A338) An area used to transfer data between different programs or between subsequent executions of the
same program.
Needs to be defined in the Linkage Section.
Page 54 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
1. What are the pros and cons of Conversation Vs Pseudo conversation programming ?
2. Explain IPC mechanisms and means in CICS?
3. Can we use EXEC SQL COMMIT/ROLLBACK in CICS? If so how? if not what are the alternatives?
4. What are the advantages of TDQ?
5. How do you implement locking in CICS?
6. What is multithreading?
7. Name 3 cobol commands that cannot be used with CICS
8. Why is it important not to execute a STOP RUN in CICS ?
9. How are programs reinitiated under CICS ?
10. Why must all CICS programs have a Linkage Section ?
11. Why doesn’t CICS use the Cobol Open and Close statements ?
12. What is the difference between a Symbolic map and Physical map ?
13. If a physical map has six variable fields and nine constant fields, how many fields must the symbolic
map has ?
14. In which column must label begin ?
15. Code the parameter that will assign a start value to the filed
16. Can a program change protected field ?
17. How many columns will be needed on a screen to display a protected field that has 4 bytes of data
.
com
18. How many columns will be needed to on a screen to display an unprotected field that has 4 bytes of
data
19. What are the 2 categories of extended attributes ?
20. When using extended attributes , how many attribute bytes will be needed for each symbolic map field
?
21. How is the stopper byte different from an autoskip byte ?
22. By which command do you preserve working storage fields ?
23. How do you restore working storage fields ?
24. Which command will release all the resources used by the program ?
25. What is the relationship between EIBCALEN and DFHCOMMAREA ?
26. How will you place cursor on a field called ‘EMPNO’. This field belongs to mapset ‘MAPEMPG’
and map ‘MAPEMPM’ and Symbolic map ‘Empid-Rec’ ?
27. How will the program know which key has been pressed.
28. By which CICS defined field can you determine the position of the cursor on the map ?
29. What is the function of a STARTBR ?
30. Assume that a file contains 100 records ,If one start browse and 99 read next commands have been
executed , which record will currently be in memory ?
31. True or False ? . In a browse program the program should remain active while a user is viewing a
screen
32. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to start a browse beyond end-of file ?
33. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to continue reading backward beyond the
beginning of file?
34. What will happen if a user enters a record key that is lower than the lowest record key in a file ?
35. How can this answer be affected by the Start-Browse option ?
36. Describe a method for beginning a browse at the beginning of a file .
37. When is the condition of NOTFND not an error ?
38. What will happen if you code a send map command or a return statement with the same transid
option if a MAPFAIL occurs ?
39. Why is the Enter Key option explicitly coded in the Handle Aid command ?
40. What happens if you omit labels on a HANDLE Condition command ?
IBMMAINFRAMES 41. What is the difference between a NOHANDLE and an IGNORE condition ?
42. What are the 3 broad ways that a program can give up control ?
43. What is the difference between XCTL and RETURN.
44. What happens if a DELETEQ TS command is executed ?
45. Why is the terminal ID often used as a part of a TSQ ?
46. What is the maximum length of a TSQ name ?
47. What is the maximum length of a TDQ name ?
Page 55 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
48. Is it necessary to define a TSQ in a CICS table ?
49. Can you read the 5th item of a TDQ ?
50. Where are TDQ’s defined ?
51. Can you delete an individual record from a TSQ or a TDQ ?
52. Can you update a record in a TDQ ?
53. Why is it necessary to update PPT ?
54. In which CICS table do we define the transaction for a program?
55. Distinguish between TSQ and TDQ.
56. What is DFHBMSCA?
57. What is Pseudo conversational programming?
58. Name 3 cobol commands that cannot be used with CICS
59. If a physical map has six variable fields and nine constant fields , how many fields must the symbolic
map has ?
60. In which column must label begin ?
61. Code the parameter that will assign a start value to the filed
62. How many columns will be needed on a screen to display a protected field that has 4 bytes of data?
63. How many columns will be needed to on a screen to display an unprotected field that has 4 bytes of
data .
64. What are the 2 categories of extended attributes ? com
65. When using extended attributes , how many attribute bytes will be needed for each symbolic map field
?
66. By which command do you preserve working storage fields ?
67. How do you restore working storage fields ?
68. Which command will release all the resources used by the program ?
69. What is the relationship between EIBCALEN and DFHCOMMAREA ?
70. How will the program know which key has been pressed.
71. What is the function of a STARTBR ?
72. Assume that a file contains 100 records ,If one start browse and 99 read next commands have been
executed , which record will currently be in memory ?
73. True or False ? . In a browse program the program should remain active while a user is viewing a
screen
74. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to start a browse beyond end-of file ?
75. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to continue reading backward beyond the
beginning of file?
76. What will happen if a user enters a record key that is lower than the lowest record key in a file ? How
can this answer be affected by the Start-Browse option ?
77. Describe a method for beginning a browse at the beginning of a file .
78. When is the condition of NOTFND not an error ?
79. What will happen if you code a send map command or a return statement with the same transid
option if a MAPFAIL occurs ?
80. Why is the Enter Key option explicitly coded in the Handle Aid command ?
81. What happens if you omit labels on a HANDLE Condition command ?
IBMMAINFRAMES 82. What is the difference between a NOHANDLE and an IGNORE condition ?
83. What are the 3 broad ways that a program can give up control ?
84. What is the difference between XCTL and RETURN.
85. What happens if a DELETEQ TS command is executed ?
86. Why is the terminal ID often used as a part of a TSQ ?
87. What is the maximum length of a TSQ name ?
88. What is the maximum length of a TDQ name ?
89. Is it necessary to define a TSQ in a CICS table ?
90. Can you read the 5th item of a TDQ ?
91. Where are TDQ’s defined ?
92. Can you delete an individual record from a TSQ or a TDQ ?
93. Can you update a record in a TDQ ?
94. Why is it necessary to update PPT ?
Page 56 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
95. In which CICS table do we define the transaction for a program ?
96. How do you do a browse Operation
97. If you have a new map, new program, and a newfile, which CICS tables do you update?
98. How to read a TS Queue
99. Differentiate between XCTL and LINK
100.What is START ?
101.How do you update a file in CICS In JCL, 102.What is a temporary dataset?
103.What is a PROC, and how is it different from a JCL 104.Differentiate instream procedures versus Catalogued procedures 105.What is difference between TDQ and TSQ ?
106.How do interval control transactions invoke themselves 107.How do we read a VSAM file in CICS
113.How do I find the name of the CICS region inside my COBOL program? com
108.What are some of imp. CICS commands and their parameters 109.How do you protect a field from being overlaid? - GS
110.What are SEND MAP MAPONLY & SEND MAP DATAONLY ? . 111.What are the restrictions while using GETMAIN and FREEMAIN? - GS
IBMMAINFRAMES 114.Can a CICS region be attached to more than one DB2 subsystem ?
112.I have TSQ with 15 items. I want to delete the 10th item. How do I do that?
115.What determines the DB2 subsystem to which a particular CICS region is attached ? 116.What is the DSNC transaction used for ?
IBM’s Customer Information Control System (CICS) is an on-line teleprocessing system developed by IBM. By providing a sophisticated control and service database/data communication system, the application developer can concentrate on fulfilling specific business needs rather than on communication and internal system details. CICS allows data to be transmitted from the terminal to the host computer, have the data processed, access files/databases, and then have data to be transmitted from the terminal to the host computer, have the data processed, access files/databases, and then have data transmitted back to the terminal. To accomplish that, CICS uses a telecommunication package such as VTAM com or TCAM and various file access methods: VSAM, DL/1, DB2, etc.
1. Expanded features for the system programmer .
2. Improved above the line storage utilization
3. New options for many CICS commands
4. Improved cross-platform communication facilities Functionality
CICS provides the following support:
Data Communications
• An interface between the terminal and printers with CICS via a telecommunication access method (TCAM or VTAM).
• Multi Region Operation(MRO), through which more than one CICS region of a system can communicate
• Intersystem Communication (ISC), through which one CICS region of a system can communicate with other CICS regions in other systems
Application Programming
• Interfaces with programming languages such as COBOL and Assembler
• Command level translator
• An Execution Diagnostic Facility (EDF)
• A Command Interpreter
Data Handling
• An interface with database access methods such as DB2, DL/1, and VSAM
• An interface with error checking and reporting facilities
Terminology:
CICS has its own language. Some of the language abbreviations of CICS are:
Page 18 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
SIT System Initialization Table
PCT Program Control Table
PPT Program Processing Table
TCT Terminal Control Table
FCT File Control Table
TCP Terminal Control Program
TCTUA Terminal Control Terminal User Area
DCT Destination Control Table
TDQ Transient Data Queue
EIP Execution Interface Program
FCP File Control Program
ICP Interval Control Program
KCT Task Control Program
PCP Program Control Program .
SCP Storage Control Program
TCA Task Control Area
TCTTE Terminal Control Table Terminal Entry
TSQ Temporary Storage Queue com
TWA Task Work Area
AID Attention Identifier
CWA Common Work Area
MRO Multi Region Operation
QID Queue Identifier
IBMMAINFRAMES Q3) Specify CICS transaction initiation process. (From the perspective of CICS control programs and control tables.)
Q1) What are the six different types of argument values in COBOL that can be placed in various
options of a CICS command?
A1)
•Data Value - EX (Literal 8 or 77 KEYLEN PIC S9(4) COMP VALUE 8.)
•Data Area - EX (01 RECORD-AREA.
•Pointer-Ref 05 FIELD1 PIC X(5). )
- EX (05 POINTER-I PIC S9(8) COMP. )
•Name - EX (05 FILE-NAME PIC X(5) VALUE ‘FILEA’. )
•Label - Cobol paragraph name
•HHMMSS - EX (77 TIMEVAL PIC S9(7) COMP3. )
Q2) Kindly specify the PIC clause for the following
Any BLL Cell, Data type of Length Option field, HHMMSS type of data fields
A2) Any BLL Cell - S9(8) COMP
Data type of Length Option field - S9(4) COMP
HHMMSS type of data fields - S9(7) COMP3
A3) TCP places data in TIOA and corresponding entry into TCT.
KCP acquires the transaction identifier from TIOA and verifies if it is present in PCT.
SCP acquires Storage in Task Control Area (TCA), in which KCP prepares control data for the task. KCP then loads the application programs mentioned in PCT by looking for it in PPT.
If resident - real storage memory location is not present in the PPT the control is passed to PCP that loads the application programs from the physical storage location address given in PPT. The control is then passed to the application program (LOAD module).
Q4) List the sequence of steps used to achieve “Modification in Skip Sequential Mode.”
A4)
Page 19 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
I. READNEXT command
II. Issue the ENDBR command
III. Issue the READ command with UDTAE option.
IV. Manipulate the record (DELETE or REWRITE command)
V. Issue START command
VI. Issue two READNEXT commands (One for dummy skip)
VII. Go to step two.
Q5) Specify the requirements for Automatic Task Initiation. (Mention the control table, it’s entries and the corresponding Procedure division CICS command).
A5) DFHDCT TYPE=INTRA,
DESTID=MSGS,
TRANSID=MSW1,
TRIGLEV=1000
EXEC CICS WRITEQ TD .
QUEUE(‘MSGS’),
FROM(DATA-AREA),
END-EXEC. LENGTH(MSG_LEN) com
IBMMAINFRAMES END-EXEC END-EXEC
Q6) What are the commands used to gain exclusive control over a resource (for Ex a Temporary
storage queue.)?
A6) EXEC CICS ENQ EXEC CICS DEQ
RESOURCE(QID) RESOURCE(QID)
END-EXEC END-EXEC
Q7) What is the EIB parameter and the CICS command used to implement Pseudo-Conversational technique using single PCT - Single PPT entry?
A7) EIBCALEN - To check if COMMAREA has been passed in terurn command. EXEC CICS RETURN
TRANSID(data-name)
COMMAREA(data-area)
LENGTH(data-value)
END-EXEC
Q8) Mention the 5 fields available in the symbolic map for every ‘NAMED’ field in the DFHMDI macro? Give a brief description of these fields (Not exceeding a line).
A8) FIELD+L - Return the length of text entered (or for dymanic cursor positioing)
FIELD+F - Returns X(80) if data entered but erased.
FIELD+A - Used for attributes reading and setting
FIELD+I - Used for reading the text entered while receiving the map.
FIELD+O - Used for sending information on to the MAP.
Q9) What are the two ways of breaking a CPU bound process to allow other tasks to gain access to
CPU.
A9) EXEC CICS DELAY EXEC CICS DELAY
INTERVAL(hhmmss) TIME(hhmmss)
POST and WAIT commands also achieve the same result.
Q10) How do you initiate another transaction? The transaction initiated should be in a position to retrieve
Page 20 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
information pertaining to which transaction has initiated it and from which terminal. (Code
the required CICS
commands)
A10) EXEC CICS START
INTERVAL(hhmmss)/TIME(hhmmss)
TRANSID(‘TRAN’)
TERMID(‘TRM1)
FROM(data-area)
LENGTH(data-value)
RTRANSID(EIBTRNID)
RTERMID(EIBTRMID)
END-EXEC
EXEC CICS RETRIEVE
INTO(data-area) .
LENGTH(data-value)
RTRANSID(data-name)
RTERMID(data-name)
END-EXEC com
IBMMAINFRAMES DATASET(‘FILENAME’) INTO(data - area)
Q11) Mention the option (along with argument type) used in a CICS command to retrieve the response code after
execution of the command.
A11) RESP( S9(8) COM.)
Q12) What’s the CICS command used to access current date and time?
A12) ASKTIME.
Q13) Into what fields will the date and time values be moved after execution of the above command?
A13) EIBDATE & EIBTIME.
Q14) How do you terminate an already issued DELAY command?
A14) EXEC CICS CANCEL
REQID(id)
END-EXEC
Q15) How do you dynamically set the CURSOR position to a specific field?
A15) MOVE -1 to FIELD+L field. Mention CURSOR option in the SEND command.
Q16) Which option of the PCT entry is used to specify the PF key to be pressed for initiating a transaction?
A16) TASKREQ=PF1
Q17) Specify the CICS command used to read a VSAM record starting with prefix “F”. Code all the relevant options.
A17) EXEC CICS READ
RIDFLD(data-area)
KEYLENGTH(1) GENERIC LENGTH(WK-LEN)
END-EXEC.
Page 21 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q18) Mention the option used in the CICS READ command to gain accessibility directly to the file
I/O area. (Assume
COBOL-II).
A18) SET(ADDRESS OF LINKAGE-AREA).
Q19) Which command is used to release a record on which exclusive control is gained?
A19) EXEC CICS UNLOCK END-EXEC.
Q20) How do you establish a starting position in a browse operation?
A20) EXEC CICS STARTBR---------- END-EXEC.
Q21) What is the option specified in the read operation to gain multiple concurrent operations on
the same dataset?
A21) REQID(value). .
Q22) What is the CICS command that gives the length of TWA area?
A22) EXEC CICS ASSIGN
TWALENG(data-value) com
END-EXEC.
Q23) What are the attribute values of Skipper and Stopper fields?
A23) ASKIP, PROT.
Q24) How do you set the MDT option to ‘ON’ status, even if data is not entered?
A24) Mention FSET option in DFHMDF or set it dynamically in the program using FIELD+A attribute
field.
Q25) What option is specified in the SEND command to send only the unnamed fields on to the
screen?
A25) MAPONLY_______________.
Q26) Which CICS service transaction is used to gain accessibility to CICS control tables? Mention
the one that has
the highest priority.
A26) CEDA
Q27) What is the most common way of building queue-id of a TSQ? (Name the constituents of the
Queue ID).
A27) TERMID+TRANSACTION-ID.
Q28) Into which table is the terminal id registered?
A28) TCT.
Q29) How and where is the TWA size set? .
A29) TWASIZE=300 in PCT table.
Q30) Which transient data queue supports ATI?
A30) INTRA-PARTITION Data queue.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q31) Code the related portions of CICS/COBOL-I programs to gain addressability to TWA area assigned to a
particular task. Assume that the size of TWA area is 300 bytes. What are the advantages if COBOL-II is used
in the place of COBOL? Code the above requirement in COBOL-II.
Page 22 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A31)
COBOL- II PROGRAM
LINKAGE SECTION.
1 PARMLIST.
2 FILLER PIC S9(8) COMP.
2 TWA-PTR S(98) COMP.
01 TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
02 DATA-AREA PIC X(300).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
……….
EXEC CICS ADDRESS
TWA(TWA-PTR) .
END-EXEC
SERVISE RELOAD TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
COBOL- II PROGRAM com
LINKAGE SECTION.
01 TWA-DATA-LAYOUT.
05 DATA-AREA PIC X(300).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
……….
EXEC CICS ADDRESS
TWA(ADDRESS OF TWA-DATA-LAYOUT)
END-EXEC
………
IBMMAINFRAMES DEPARTMENT
Q32) Code a program meeting the following requirements.
‘EMPS’ is a transaction used to return information pertaining to an employee when the “EMPID” is entered on the screen. The information pertaining to an employee is present in a VSAM/KSDS dataset registered in FCT as “EMPINFOR”. The map and the working storage section of the emp-info are given for reference. If the employee id is found the information has to be sent to the screen (Status field) with the message “Emp Id: XXX found.”. If the emp-id key is not found then status field should array the message “Key not found.” and the ‘EMP ID” field should be set to bright. If the Exit option is set to “Y” then the task has to terminated. Use pseudo-conversation technique three (Single PCT and PPT).
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION FORM
EMP ID : XXX
EMP NAME :
EMP DESIG : SEX :
SALARY :
STATUS : EXIT : X
X - Input Field
Page 23 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Mapname - EMPFORM
Mapsetname - EMPFORM
Label given to various ‘named’ fields on the DFHMDF macro while defining the map shown above. EMPID, EMPNAME, EMPDESIG, DEPART, SEX, SALARY, STATUS and EXITINP.
Structure of the VSAM/KSDS file.
Working-Storage Section.
01 EMP-IOAREA.
05 EMP-REC.
10 EMP-KEY PIC XXX.
10 EMP-NAME PIC X(32).
10 EMP-SEX PIC X. .
10 EMP-DEPT PIC X(10)
10 EMP-DESIG PIC X(5).
10 EMP-SAL PIC 9(7).
A32) COBOL-II PROGRAM. com
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
77 LENGTH-OF-AREA PIC S9(4) COMP.
77 WS-RCODE PIC S9(8) COMP.
1 STATUS.
2 NORMAL.
5 FILLER PIC X(8) VALUE ‘EMP ID: ‘.
05 EMP-ID PIC X(3).
05 FILLER PIC X(6) VALUE ‘FOUND’.
02 ABNORMAL REDEFINES NORMAL.
05 ABMSG PIC X(17).
01 EMP-IOAREA.
05 EMP-REC.
10 EMP-KEY PIC XXX.
10 EMP-NAME PIC X(32).
10 EMP-SEX PIC X.
10 EMP-DEPT PIC X(10)
10 EMP-DESIG PIC X(5).
10 EMP-SAL PIC 9(7).
LINKAGE SECTION.
01 DFHCOMMAREA.
05 INPVAL PIC X(3).
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
………..
IBMMAINFRAMESIF EIBCALEN=0
EXEC CICS SEND
MAP(‘EMPFORM’)
MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)
ERASE
END-EXEC.
Page 24 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
MOVE 3 TO LENGTH-OF-AREA
EXEC CICS RETURN
TRANSID(‘EMPS’)
COMMAREA(‘SEC’)
LENGTH(DATA-VALUE)
END-EXEC.
ELSE IFINPVAL = ’SEC’
EXEC CICS RECEIVE
MAP(‘EMPFORM’)
MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)
END-EXEC.
EXEC CICS READ
DATASET(‘EMPINFOR’) .
INTO(EMP-IOAREA)
RIDFLD(EMPIDI) com
LENGTH(LENGTH-OF-AREA)
RESP(WS-RCODE)
END-EXEC.
IF WS-RCODE NOT = DFHRESP(NORMAL)
MOVE ‘KEY NOT FOUND’ TO ABMSG’
MOVE DFHBMBRY TO EMPIDA
ELSE
MOVE EMP-NAME TO EMPNAMEO
MOVE EMP-SEX TO SEXO
MOVE EMP-DESIG TO EMPDESIGO
MOVE EMP-SAL TO SALARY
MOVE EMP-DEPT TO DEPARTO
MOVE EMP-KEY TO EMP-ID
MOVE STATUS TO STATUSO.
EXEC CICS SEND
MAP(‘EMPFORM’)
MAPSET(‘EMPFORM’)
ERASE
END-EXEC.
MOVE 3 TO LENGTH-OF-AREA
EXEC CICS RETURN
TRANSID(‘EMPS’)
COMMAREA(‘SEC’)
LENGTH(LENGTH-OF-AREA)
END-EXEC.
IBMMAINFRAMESEXEC CICS RETURN
END-EXEC.
ELSE IF (EXITINPI NOT = ‘Y’)
EXEC CICS RETURN
END-EXEC.
Page 25 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q33) What does “Pseudo Conversational” mean?
A33) The programming technique in which the task will not wait for the end-user replies on the terminal.
Terminating the
task every time the application needs a response from the user and specifying the next transaction to
be started when
the end user press any attention key (Enter, PF1 through PF24, PA1,PA2 and Clear) is pseudo-
conversational
processing.
Q34) Explain the means of supporting pseudo conversation programming. (E.g. Storing and
restoring of states,
control flow, error handling)
A34) When we send a map using SEND MAP command. Immediately we release the program by
using EXEC
CICS RETURN command. In this command we mention the TRANSACTION ID which is to
be executed also specify the data that.shouldcombe stored in
after receiving the map. In this command we
COMMUNICATION AREA for later use. When this command is executed the corresponding
program is
released from the memory. After receiving the response from the terminal the program is again
loaded and this
time the data which we stored in communication area will be copied into the working storage
section. And
the map will be received with RECEIVE MAP command.
The variable EIBCALEN in EIB holds the length of communication area. In procedure
division we checks the value of EIBCALEN If it is zero, we first send the map followed by
RETURN command. Otherwise, that is if EIBCALEN is not zero, we know that this transaction
is not running first time and we receive the map by using RECEIVE MAP command.
Q35) What is the function of the CICS translator?
A35) The CICS translator converts the EXEC CICS commands into call statements for a specific
programming language. There are CICS translators for Assembler, COBOL, and PL/1.
Q36) How can you start a CICS transaction other than by keying the Transaction ID at the
terminal?
A36) By coding an EXEC CICS START in the application program
1. By coding the trans id and a trigger level on the DCT table
2. By coding the trans id in the EXEC CICS RETURN command
3. By associating an attention key with the Program Control Table
4. By embedding the TRANSID in the first four positions of a screen sent to the terminal.
5. By using the Program List Table
Q37) What is the purpose of the Program List Table?
A37) The Program List Table records the set of applications programs that will be executed automatically
at CICS start-up
time.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q38) What are the differences between and EXEC CICS XCTL and an EXEC CICS START
command?
A38) The XCTL command transfer control to another application (having the same Transaction ID), while
the START command initiates a new transaction ID (therefore a new task number). The XCTL
continues task on the same terminal. START can initiate a task on another terminal.
Page 26 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q39) What are the differences between an EXEC CICS XCTL and an EXEC CICS LINK
command.
A39) The XCTL command transfer control to an application program at the same logical level (do not
expect to control back), while the LINK command passes control to an application program at the
next logical level and expects control back.
Q40) What happens to resources supplied to a transaction when an XCTL command is executed?
A40) With an XCTL, the working storage and the procedure division of the program issuing the XCTL are
released. The I/O areas, the GETMAIN areas, and the chained Linkage Section areas (Commarea
from a higher level) remain. All existing locks and queues also remain in effect. With a LINK,
however, program storage is also saved, since the transaction expects to return and use it again.
Q41) What CICS command do you need to obtain the user logon-id?
A41) You must code EXEC CICS ASSIGN with the OPERID option.
Q42) What is a resident program?
A42) A program or map loaded into the CICS nucleus so that it is kept permanently in main storage and
not deleted when CICS goes “Short On Storage”. .
Q43) What is EIB. How it can be used? com
A43) CICS automatically provides some system-related information to each task in a form of EXEC
Interface Block (EIB), which is unique to the CICS command level. We can use all the fields of
EIB in our application programs right away.
Q44) What is some of the information available in the EIB area?
A44) I. The cursor position in the map
II. Transaction ID
III. Terminal ID
IV. Task Number
V. Length of communication area
VI. Current date and time
VII. Attention identifier
Q45) What information can be obtained from the EIBRCODE?
A45) The EIBRCODE tells the application program if the last CICS command was executed successfully
and, if not, why not.
Q46) What is the effect of including the TRANSID in the EXEC CICS RETURN command?
A46) The next time the end user presses an attention key, CICS will start the transaction specified in the
TRANSID option.
Q47) Explain how to handle exceptional conditions in CICS.
A47) An abnormal situation during execution of a CICS command is called an exceptional
condition".
There are various ways to handle these exception conditions:
1. Handle Condition Command: It is used to transfer control to the procedure label specified if
IBMMAINFRAMESthe
exceptional condition specified occurs.
2. Ignore Condition Command: It causes no action to be taken if the condition specified
occurs in
the program. That is control will be returned to the next instruction following the command
which
encountered the exceptional condition.
Page 27 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
3. No Handle Option: This option can be specified in any CICS command and it will cause no action to be taken for any exceptional condition occurring during execution of this command.
4. RESP Option: This option can be specified in any CICS command. If the RESP option
is
specified in a command, CICS places a response code at a completion of the command. The application program can check this code, then proceed to the next processing.
Handle condition:
Invalid handling of CICS error condition within the program causing the looping. Here is one example, most program have EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION ERROR(label) or EXEC
CICS HANDLE ABEND LABEL(label) to trap any error condition or abend. This type of
coding is usually acceptable if they handle the error / abend correctly in their handling
paragraph. However, the program often cause another error or abend within the handling
routine. In that case, looping or sos will occur. I strong recommend that the following statement
should be included in their ERROR handling paragraph.
EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION ERROR END-EXEC. It means that from now on, CICS will
.
com
handle all the errors and will not go back to error handling routine .For HANDLE ABEND, code
EXEC CICS HANDLE ABEND CANCEL instead. Please check the application program
reference manual for further explanation of these two commands. Besides, not only these two
HANDLE will cause the program, other type of error handle might cause loop too. So code the
HANDLE command carefully. It is a good program practice to deactivate the error handling
by EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION condition END-EXEC. Once you know that the
program won't need it anymore.
Q48) What is the function of the EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDITION command?
A48) To specify the paragraph or program label to which control is to be passed if the “handle condition”
occurs.
Q49) How many conditions can you include in a single HANDLE CONDITION command?
A49) No more than 16 in a single handle condition. If you need more, then you must code another
HANDLE CONDITION
command.
Q50) What is the EXEC CICS HANDLE ABEND?
A50) It allows the establishing of an exit so cleanup processing can be done in the event of abnormal task
termination.
Q51) What is the difference between EXEC CICS HANDLE CONDTION and an EXEC CICS
IGNORE command?
A51) A HANDLE CONDITION command creates a “go-to” environment. An IGNORE command does
not create a go-to environment; instead, it gives control back to the next sequential instruction
following the command causing the condition. They are opposites.
Q52) What happens when a CICS command contains the NOHANDLE option?
A52) No action is going to be taken for any exceptional conditional occurring during the execution of this
IBMMAINFRAMEScommand. The abnormal condition that occurred will be ignored even if an EXEC CICS HANDLE
condition exist. It has the same effect as the EXEC CICS IGNORE condition except that it will not
cancel the previous HANDLE CONDITION for any other command.
Q53) When a task suspends all the handle conditions via the PUSH command, how does the task
reactivate all the handle conditions?
Page 28 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A53) By coding an EXEC CICS POP HANDLE command.
Q54) Explain re-entrancy as applies to CICS.
A54) Reentrant program is a program which does not modify itself so that it can reenter to itself
and continue processing after an interruption by the operating system which, during the
interruption, executes other OS tasks including OS tasks of the same program. It is
also called a "reenterable" program or"serially reusable" program.
A quasi-reentrant program is a reentrant program under the CICS environment. That is, the quasi-
reentrant program is a CICS program which does not modify itself. That way it can reenter to itself
and continue processing after an interruption by CICS which, during the interruption, executes
other tasks including CICS tasks of the same program. In order to maintain the quasi-
reentrancy, a CICS application program must follow the following convention:
Constants in Working Storage: The quasi-reentrant program defines only constants in its ordinary
data area (e.g. working Storage Section ). These constants will never be modified and shared by the
tasks. .
Variable in Dynamic Working Storage: The quasi reentrant com
program acquires a unique storage
area (
called Dynamic Working Storage --DWS) dynamically for each task by issuing the CICS macro
equivalent GETMAIN. All variables will be placed in this DWS for each task. All counters would
have to be initialized after the DWS has been acquired.
Restriction on Program Alteration: The program must not alter the program itself. If it
alters a CICS macro or command, it must restore the alteration before the subsequent
CICS macro or command.
Q55) What are the CICS commands available for program control?
A55) The following commands are available for the Program Control services:
1. LINK: To pass control to another program at the lower level, expecting to be returned.
2. XCTL: To pass control to another program at the same level, not expecting to be
returned.
3. RETURN: To return to the next higher-level program or CICS.
4. LOAD: To load a program.
5. RELEASE: To release a program.
Q56) How is addressability achieved to the data outside programs working-storage.?
A56) The Base Locator for Linkage ( BLL ) is an addressing convention used to address storage
outside the Working Storage Section of an application program. If BLL is used for the input
commands (e.g.: READ, RECEIVE), it will improve the performance, since the program would
be accessing directly the input buffer outside of the program. In order to work as intended,
the program must construct BLL based on the following convention:
1). The parameter list must be defined by means of a 01 level data definition in the
Linkage Section as the first area definition to the Linkage Section, unless a
communication area is being passed to the program, in which case DFHCOMMAREA
must be defined first. The parameter list consists of a group of the address pointers, each
IBMMAINFRAMESof which is defined as the full word binary field ( S9(8) COMP ). This is called the BLL
cells.
2). The parameter list is followed by a group of 01 level data definitions, which would be the actual
data areas. The first address pointer of the parameter list is set up by CICS for addressing the parameter list itself. From the second address pointer onward, there is a
Page 29 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
one-to-one correspondence between the address pointers of the parameter list and 01 level
data definitions.
3). VS COBOL II provides CICS application programs with a significant improvements in
the area of addressability through the special ADDRESS register. Therefore, if an application
program is written in VS COBOL II, the program is no longer requires building the BLL
cells in the Linkage Section.
Q57) Explain the various ways data can be passed between CICS programs.
A57) Data can be passed between CICS programs in three ways- COMMAREA, TRASIENT DATA
QUEUE &
TEMPORARY STORAGE QUEUE.
Data can be passed to a called program using the COMMAREA option of the LINK or XCTL
command in a calling program. The called program may alter the data content of COMMAREA
and the changes will be available to the calling program after the RETURN command is issued in
the called program. This implies that the called program does not have to specify the
COMMAREA option in the RETURN command. .
com
If the COMMAREA is used in the calling program, the area must be defined in the Working
Storage Section of the program (calling), whereas, in the called program, the area must be
defined as the first area in the Linkage Section, using reserved name
DFHCOMMAREA.
Q58) What is the difference between using the READ command with INTO option and SET option?
A58) When we use INTO option with the READ command the data content of the record
will be moved into the specified field defined in the Working Storage Section of the
program. When we use SET option with the READ command , CICS sets the address
pointer to the address of the record in the file input / output area within CICS, so that the
application program can directly refer to the record without moving the record content
into the Working Storage area defined in the program. Therefore, the SET option
provides a better performance than the INTO option.
Q59) Can we define an alternate index on VSAM/RRDS ?
A59) No
Q60) What is the difference between the INTO and the SET option in the EXEC CICS RECEIVE
MAP command?
A60) The INTO option moves the information in the TIOA into the reserved specified area, while the SET
option simply returns the address of the TIOA to the specified BLL cell or “address-of” a linkage-
section.
Q61) How to establish dynamic cursor position on a map? How to get the cursor position when we
receive a map?
A61) We dynamically position a cursor through an application program using a symbolic name
of the symbolic map by placing -1 into the field length field ( i.e., fieldname + L) of the
field where you wish to place the cursor. The SEND MAP command to be issued must have
the CURSOR option ( without value ). Also, the mapset must be coded with MODE =
INOUT in the DFHMSD macro. We get the cursor position when we receive a map
IBMMAINFRAMESby checking EIBCPOSN, which is a halfword ( S9(4) COMP) binary field in EIB, and
contains offset position (relatively to zero ) of the cursor on the screen.
Q62) What is MDT?
A62) MDT ( Modified Data Tag ) is one bit of the attribute character. If it is off ( 0 ), it
indicates that this field has not been modified by the terminal operator. If it is on ( 1 ), it
indicates that this field has been modified by the operator. Only when MDT is on, will the
Page 30 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
data of the field be sent by the terminal hardware to the host computer ( i.e., to the
application program, in end ). An effective use of MDT drastically reduces the amount of
data traffic in the communication line, thereby improving performance significantly.
Therefore, BMS maps and CICS application programs should be developed based on careful
considerations for MDT.
Q63) What are the three ways available for a program to position the cursor on the screen?
A63)
I. Static positioning. Code the insert cursor (IC) in the DFHMDF BMS macro.
II. Relative positioning. Code the CURSOR option with a value relative to zero(position 1,1 is
zero) .
III. Symbolic positioning. Move high values or -1 to the field length in the symbolic map(and code
CURSOR on the
SEND command).
Q64) Name three ways the Modified Data Tag can be set on? .
A64) The Modified Data Tag can be set on:
1. When the user enters data into the field.
com
2. When the application program moves DFHBMFSE to the attribute character.
3. By defining it in the BMS macro definition.
Q65) What is a mapset?
A65) A mapset is a collection of BMS maps link-edited together.
Q66) What is the function of DFHMDF BMS macro?
A66) The DFHMDF macro defines fields, literal, and characteristics of a field.
Q67) Why is a TERM ID recommended in naming a TSQ?
A67) In order to avoid confusion and to maintain data security, a strict naming convention
for QID will be required in the installation. Moreover, for a terminal-dependent task (e.g.,
pseudo-conversational task), the terminal id should be included in QID in order to
ensure the uniqueness of TSQ to the task.
Q68) Explain the basic difference between Intra partition TDQ and Extra partition TDQ.
A68)
INTRA PARTITION TD QUEUEs It is a group of sequential records which are produced by the same
and / or different transactions within a CICS region. These Qs are stored in only one physical
file ( VSAM ) in a CICS region, which is prepared by the system programmer. Once a record
is read from a queue, the record will be logically removed from the queue; that is the record
cannot be read again. EXTRA PARTITION TD QUEUEs It is a
group of sequential records which interfaces between the transactions of the CICS region
and the systems outside of CICS region. Each of these TDQs is a separate physical file, and it
may be on the disk, tape, printer or plotter.
Q69) What are the differences between Temporary Storage Queue (TSQ) and Transient Data Queue
(TDQ).?
A69) Temporary Storage Queue names are dynamically defined in the application program, while TDQs
must first be defined in the DCT (Destination Control Table). When a TDQ contains certain amount
of records (Trigger level), a CICS transaction can be started automatically. This does not happen
IBMMAINFRAMESwhen using a TSQ. TDQ(extra partition) may be used by batch application; TSQ cannot be accessed
in batch. The Transient Data Queue is actually a QSAM file. You may update an existing item in a
TSQ. A record in a TDQ cannot be updated. Records in TSQ can be read randomly. The TDQ can be
read only sequentially. Records in Temporary Storage can be read more than once, while records
stored in Temporary Data Queues cannot. With TDQs it is “one read” only.
Page 31 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q70) What is the difference between getting the system time with EIBTIME and ASKTIME
command?
A70) The ASKTIME command is used to request the current date and time. Whereas, the
EIBTIME field have the value at the task initiation time.
Q71) What does the following transactions do?
A71) CEDF : CICS-supplied Execution Diagnostic Facility transaction. It provides interactive program
execution and debugging functions of a CICS programs.
CEMT : CICS-supplied Extended Master Terminal transaction. It displays or manipulates
CICS
control environment interactively.
CEBR : CICS-supplied Temporary Storage Browse transaction. It displays the content of
Temporary Storage Queue ( TSQ ).
CECI : CICS-supplied Command Interpreter transaction. It verifies the syntax of a CICS
command .
and executes the command.
Q72) Explain floating maps with illustration. com
A72) Maps which can position themselves relative to the previous maps on the screen or page are known
as the floating maps. For this you have to use special positional operands to LINE and COLUMN
parameters of the BMS macro definition. They are SAME, NEXT. Actually this floating map
concept is there only in Full BMS where as it is not available in Min. or Standard BMS macros.
RECEIVE MAP is not recommended in the case of floating maps. Hence these maps are normally
used to send information such as selected records from a database to screen but not for data entry. A
mapset can contain more than one m ap in it, you may use all these maps to build a screen. In that
case there are two ways to send these maps on to the screen
i ) Use separate SEND MAP commands one for each map involved. or
ii) Use ACCUM operand along with SEND MAP command and while sending really on
to the
screen use SEND PAGE to display them at one shot. The second one is called
cumulative mapping scheme where you also can use floating maps.
Let's take a situation where you have to build a screen like this
HEADER MAP (no. of A gr. employs)
DETAIL MAP (employee list )
TRAILER MAP (Press a key to continue...)
Under such situations whatever the detail map needed that is to be displayed again and again to
display all the information one screenful at a time. In this floating map concept helps.
Code the map like this
M1 DFHMDI ...... HEADER=YES,JUSTIFY=FIRST..................
M2 DFHMDI ...… ......................... LINE=NEXT....................
M3 DFHMDI ........TRAILER=YES,JUSTIFY=LAST...........................
Here M2 is detail map, which is coded as floating map. Procedure:
Every time using cumulative map technique send header (first) and followed by detail map next
IBMMAINFRAMESinto a page buffer once the page is full an overflow occurs by using CICS HANDLE OVERFLOW
command send first trailer map then header map ( This will do two things a) it sends previous map
on to the screen b) starts fresh page buffer ). Repeated this until no more records to be retrieved.
Here M2 is the one which holds the record values read from the file.
Q73) What is the function of the Terminal Control Table(TCT)?
A73) The TCT defines the characteristics of each terminal with which CICS can communicate.
Page 32 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q74) What does it mean when EIBCALEN is equal to zeros?
A74) When the length of the communication area (EIBCALEN) is equal to zeros, it means that no data
was passed to the application.
Q75) How can the fact that EIBCALEN is equal to zeros be of use to an application programmer?
A75) When working in a pseudo-conversational mode, EIBCALEN can be checked if it is equal to zero. A
programmer can use this condition as a way of determining first time usage(of the program).
Q76) Which CICS system program is responsible for handling automatic task initialization?
A76) The Transient Data Program(TDP).
Q77) In an on-line environment, how can you prevent more than one user from accessing the same
Transient Data
Queue at the same time?
A77) By issuing an EXEC CICS ENQ against the resource. When processing is completed, a DEQ should
be executed. .
com
Q78) When an application is invoked via the EXEC CICS START command with the from option,
how does the
application gain access to the common area?
A78) An EXEC CICS RETRIEVE command will access the common area.
Q79) The DFHCOMMAREA is used to pass information from one application to another. What are
some other ways
that this function can be accomplished?
A79) You can also pass information in the following ways.
- By using a temporary storage queue
- By using an intrapartition TDQ
- By using the Task Work Area
- By using TCTUA
- Through a file
Q80) How do you define Task Work Area?
A80) By defining it on the PCT (the Program Control Table)
Q81) What information do you get when an EXEC CICS STARTCODE is issued?
A81) You will be able to determine if the application was started by (1) a transient data trigger level(QD),
(2) a START command (S,SD), (3) user (U) or terminal input (TD), or (4) Distributed Program
Link(D,DS).
Q82) Which CICS command must be issued by the application program in order to gain access to
the Common
Work Area(CWA)?
A82) EXEC CICS ADDRESS with CWA option.
Q83) In which CICS table would you specify the length of the TASK WORK AREA (TWA)?
IBMMAINFRAMESA83) In the Program Control Table(PCT).
Q84) What is a deadlock?
A84) Deadlock (also known as a “deadly embrace”) occurs when a task is waiting for a resource held by
another task which, in turn, is waiting for a resources held by the first task.
Q85) Explain the term Transaction routing?
Page 33 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A85) Transaction routing is a CICS mode of intercommunication which allows a terminal connected to local CICS to execute another transaction owned by a remote CICS.
Q86) Explain the term Function Request Shipping?
A86) Function request shipping is one of the CICS modes of intercommunication which allows an application program in a local CICS to access resources owned by a remote CICS.
Q87) Explain the term “MRO” (Multi Region Operation)?
A87) MRO is the mechanism by which different CICS address spaces with in the same CPU can
communicate and share resources.
Q88) What are different system tables used in CICS?
A88) PCT, FCT, TCT, DCT, PPT
Q89) What is multitasking and multithreading?
A89) Multitasking is the feature supported by the operating system to execute more than one task
simultaneously. Multithreading is the system environment where the tasks are sharing the same
programs load module under the multitasking environment. It is a subset of multitasking since it
.
concerns tasks which use the same program. com
Q90) What is the difference between link xctl?
A90) Link is temporary transfer of control. Xctl is permanent transfer of control
Q91) Name some of the common tables in CICS and their usage.
A91) PCT Program Control Table - defines each transaction, containing a list of valid
transaction identifiers (transid) where each transaction is paired
with its matching
program;
PPT Program Processing Table - contains a list of valid program names and maps and
whether a current version is in the CICS region or needs to be
brought in as a
new copy;
FCT File Control Table - contains a list of files known to CICS, the dataset
name and status
(closed/open, enabled/disabled);
TCT Terminal Control Table - a list of the terminals known to CICS.
Q92) Name some common CICS service programs and explain their usage?
A92) Terminal Control, File Control, Task Control, Storage Control, etc. Each CICS services program
controls the usage
and status for its resource (file, terminal, etc) within the CICS region.
Q93) What is meant by a CICS task?
A93) A CICS task exists from the time the operator presses the enter key until the application program
returns control to
CICS.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q94) What is meant by program reentrance?
A94) A program is considered reentrant if more than one task can execute the code without interfering with
the other tasks'
execution.
Q95) What is the common systems area (CSA)?
Page 34 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A95) The common systems area is the major CICS control block that contains system information, including pointers to
most other CICS control blocks. The CSA points to all members of STATIC storage.
Q96) What is the COMMAREA(communications area)?
A96) This is the area of main storage designed to let programs or tasks communicate with one another, used in programs via
RETURN, XCTL and LINK commands.
Q97) What is the EIB (execute interface block)?
A97) The execute interface block lets the program communicate with the execute interface program, which
processes CICS
commands. It contains terminal id, time of day and response codes.
Q98) What is an MDT (Modified Data Tag) - it's meaning and use?
A98) The modified data tag is the last bit in the attribute byte for each screen field. It indicates whether
the corresponding com
field has been changed.
Q99) What is a transid and explain the system transid CEMT?
A99) Transid is a transaction identifier, a four character code used to invoke a CICS task. CEMT is the
master terminal
transaction that lets you display and change the status of resources - it is the primary CICS service
transaction.
Q100) What is the common work area (CWA)?
A100) The common work area is a storage area that can be accessed by any task in a CICS system.
Q101) How do you access storage outside your CICS program?
A101) In COBOL storage was accessed via BLL cells using the SET option of ADDRESS commands. In
COBOL II the
special register, ADDRESS OF lets you reference the address of any Linkage Section field.
Q102) How does COBOL II and CICS release 1.7 provide for exceptional conditions and how does
that differ from
VS COBOL and earlier CICS releases?
A102) VS COBOL used the HANDLE CONDITION command to name routines to pass program control
when exceptional
conditions were encountered. COBOL II and CICS release 1.7 introduced the RESP option on
many CICS
commands.
Q103) What is the meaning and use of the EIBAID field?
A103) EIBAID is a key field in the execute interface block; it indicates which attention key the user
pressed to initiate the
task.
Q104) How do you control cursor positioning?
IBMMAINFRAMESA104) It's controlled by the CURSOR option of the SEND MAP command using a direct (0 through
1919) or symbolic
value.
Q105) What are attribute bytes and how and why are they modified?
Page 35 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A105) Attribute bytes define map field characteristics (brightness, protection, etc); they are modified prior to issuing a
SEND MAP command, eg. from normal to intense to highlight an error field.
Q106) How do you invoke other programs? What are the pros and cons of each method?
A106) There are three ways:
1) Use a COBOL II CALL statement to invoke a subprogram. This method is transparent to
CICS, which sees
only the one load module.
2) An EXEC LINK is similar to a call; it invokes a separate CICS program and ends with a
RETURN to the
invoking program. or
3) An EXEC XCTL which transfers control to another CICS program and does not get control
back.
Q107) What is BMS?
A107) BMS is Basic Map Support; it allows you to code assembler level programs to define screens.
.
Q108) What is the difference between FSET and FRSET? com
A108) FSET specifies that the modified data tag should be turned on before the map is sent to the screen.
FRSET turns off
the attribute byte; it's used to transmit only changed data from the terminal.
Q109) What is the difference between the enter key, the PF keys and the PA keys?
A109) The enter and PF keys transmit data from the screen; the PA keys tell CICS that a terminal action
took place, but
data is not transmitted.
Q110) Explain the difference among the EXEC LINK, EXEC XCTL and Cobol II static call
statements in CICS.
A110) COBOL II allows for static calls which are more efficient than the LINK instruction which
establishes a new run-
unit.
Q111) Are sequential files supported by CICS?
A111) Yes, but not as part of the File Control Program. They are supported as extra partition transient
data files.
Q112) What option can be coded on the RETURN command to associate a transaction identifier
with the next
terminal input?
A112) The TRANSID option.
Q113) What is an ASRA?
A113) An ASRA is the CICS interrupt code, the equivalent of an MVS abend code.
Q114) What is temporary storage?
A114) Temporary storage is either main or auxiliary storage that allows the program to save data between
IBMMAINFRAMEStask invocations.
Q115) What is transient data?
A115) Transient data provides CICS programs with a simple method for sequential processing, often used to produce
output for 3270 printers.
Page 36 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q116) What are the two types of transient data queues?
A116) They are intrapartition, which can only be accessed from within CICS and extrapartition, which are typically used to
collect data online, but process it in a batch environment.
Q117) Where are transient data sets defined to CICS?
A117) They are defined in the destination control table (DCT).
Q118) Once a transient data queue is read, can it be reread?
A118) No, silly! That's why IBM calls it transient.
Q119) Name some commands used for CICS file browsing.
A119) STARTBR, READNEXT, READPREV, ENDBR and RESETBR.
Q120) What other file control processing commands are used for file updating?
A120) WRITE, REWRITE, DELETE and UNLOCK.
Q121) What is Journal Recovery and Dynamic Transaction Backout?
A121) Journal Recovery is recovery of changes made to a file during online processing. If a file has I/O
problems it is com
restored from a backup taken before online processing began and the journalled changes are
applied. Dynamic
transaction backout is the removal of partial changes made by a failed transaction.
Q122) What tables must be updated when adding a new transaction and program?
A122) At a bare minimum the Program Control Table ( PCT) and Program Processing Table (PPT) must
be updated.
Q123) What is the meaning of the SYNCPOINT command?
A123) SYNCPOINT without the ROLLBACK option makes all updates to protected resources
permanent, with the
ROLLBACK option it reverses all updates.
Q124) What do the terms locality of reference and working set mean?
A124) They refer to CICS efficiency techniques. Locality of reference requires that the application
program should
consistently reference instructions and data within a relatively small number of pages. The
working set is the
number of program pages needed by a task.
Q125) What do the keywords MAPONLY and DATAONLY mean?
A125) MAPONLY is a SEND MAP operand that sends only fields with initial values to the screen.
DATAONLY is the
SEND MAP operand that specifies only data from the map area should be displayed.
Q126) What is the MASSINSERT option?
A126) MASSINSERT is a WRITE option that modifies normal VSAM split processing, leaving free
space after the
inserted record, so subsequent records can be inserted without splits. It is ended by an UNLOCK
IBMMAINFRAMEScommand.
Q127) What is a cursor in CICS sql processing?
A127) A cursor is a pointer that identifies one row in a sql results table as the current row.
Q128) What are the DB2 steps required to migrate a CICS DB2 program from source code to load module?
Page 37 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A128) A DB2 precompiler processes some SQL statements and converts others. It creates a data base
request module
(DBRM) for the binding step. The bind process uses the DBRM to create an application plan,
which specifies the
techniques DB2 will use to process the embedded SQL statements. The link/edit step includes an
interface to the
CICS/DB2 attachment facility.
Q129) Name some translator and compile options and explain their meaning?
A129) For translator SOURCE option prints the program listing, DEBUG enables EDF and COBOL2
alerts the system to
use the COBOL II compiler. For the compiler XREF prints a sorted data cross reference and
FDUMP prints a
formatted dump if the program abends.
Q130) What is the significance of RDO?
A130) RDO is Resource Definition Online. Since release 1.6 RDO allows resources (terminals, programs,
transactions and .
files) to be defined interactively while CICS is running. com
Q131) What is CECI?
A131) CECI is the command level interpreter transid that interactively executes CICS commands. It is a
rudimentary CICS
command debugger which does not require coding an entire program.
Q132) What is CEDF?
A132) CEDF is the execute diagnostic facility that can be used for debugging CICS programs.
Q133) What is CEBR?
A133) CEBR lets you browse the contents of a specific temporary storage queue.
Q134) Name and explain some common CICS abend codes?
A134) Any AEI_ indicates an execute interface program problem - the abending program encountered an
exceptional
condition that was not anticipated by the coding. APCT - the program could not be found or is
disabled. ASRA -
most common CICS abend, indicating a program check, identified by a one-byte code in the
Program Status Word
in the dump. AKCP - the task was cancelled; it was suspended for a period longer than the
transaction's defined
deadlock timeout period. AKCT - The task was cancelled because it was waiting too long for
terminal input.
Q135) What is a logical message in CICS?
A135) A logical message is a single unit of output created by SEND TEXT or SEND MAP commands.
BMS collects the
separate output from each command and treats them as one entity. This technique may be used to
build CICS
IBMMAINFRAMESreports.
Q136) What are the CICS commands associated with temporary storage queue processing?
A136) WRITEQ TS, READQ TS, and DELETEQ, whose meanings should be self-explanatory.
Q137) What are the CICS commands associated with transient data queue processing?
A137) WRITEQ TD, READQ TD, DELETEQ TD, ENQ and DEQ.
Page 38 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q138) What is the meaning of the ENQ and DEQ commands?
A138) Neither command is exclusively a transient data command. The ENQ command reserves any user
defined resource
for the specific task. For enqueued transient data no other task will be able to write records to it
for as long as it is
enqueued. DEQ removes the lock.
Q139) How do you delete Item 3 in a five-item TSQ?
A139) You can't--at least not directly. Options, none of them good, include:
I. adding a logical-delete flag to the contents of each item;
II. moving item 4 to 3 and 5 to 4 and initializing item 5, all thru rewrites; this is a variant
on 1;
III. creating a new 'copy' TSQ that excludes the unwanted item, killing the old TSQ
(deleteq ts), writing the
new TSQ with the original name from the new TSQ, and then deleting the 'copy' TSQ.
This way, you .
will get an accurate report from NUMITEMS.
com
Q140) What CICS command would you use to read a VSAM KSDS sequentially in ascending
order?
A140) READNEXT reads the next record from a browse operation for any of the three VSAM files.
Q141) How do you get data from a task that began with a START command?
A141) The RETRIEVE command is used to get data from a task that began with a START command.
Q142) What is interval control and what are some of the CICS commands associated with it?
A142) CICS interval control provides a variety of time-related features - common commands are
ASKTIME,
FORMATTIME, START, RETRIEVE, and CANCEL.
Q143) What is task control and what are the CICS commands associated with it?
A143) Task control refers to the CICS functions that manage the execution of tasks. Task control
commands are
SUSPEND, ENQ, and DEQ.
Q144) What is the CICS LOAD command?
A144) The LOAD command retrieves an object program from disk and loads it into main storage - it's
primarily used for a
constant table that will be available system-wide.
Q145) What is the ABEND command and when would you use it?
A145) The ABEND command forces a task to end abnormally. It creates a transaction dump and invokes
the dynamic
transaction backout.
Q146) DB2 What is the difference between a package and a plan. How does one bind 2 versions of a
IBMMAINFRAMESCICS
transaction with the same module name in two different CICS regions that share the same
DB2 subsystem?
A146) Package and plan are usually used synonymously, as in this site. Both contain optimized code for
SQL statements - a
package for a single program, module or subroutine contained in the database request module
(DBRM) library. A
Page 39 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
plan may contain multiple packages and pointers to packages. The one CICS module would then exist in a package
that could be referenced in two different plans.
Q147) How to build up LU 6.2 communication?" and "what Pseudo-conversational and real
conversational
transaction are and their differences."
A147) Pseudo-conversational transactions are almost always the preferred method. In these mode CICS
releases resources
between responses to user input, i.e. the task is ended awaiting the user response.
Q148) Why is it important not to execute a STOP RUN in CICS ?
A148) Stop run will come out from the CICS region.
Q149) Why must all CICS programs have a Linkage Section ?
A149) To pass parameters from appl. Program to CICS.
Q150) A mapset consists of three maps and 10 fields on each map . How many of the following will
.
be needed ? com
A150) a) DFHMSD statements 1
a b) DFHMDI statements 3
b c) DFHMDF statements 30
Q151) How are programs reinitiated under CICS ?
A151) START COMMAND , RETURN COMMAND
Q152) Why doesn’t CICS use the Cobol Open and Close statements ?
A152) CICS AUTOMATICALLY OPENS AND CLOSES THE FILES THOSE ARE PLASED IN FCT
Q153) What is the difference between a Symbolic map and Physical map ?
A153) SYMBOLIC MAP IS USED BY USER AND PHYSICAL MAP IS USED BY SYSTEM
Q154) Can a program change protected field ?
A154) NO
Q155) How is the stopper byte different from an auto skip byte ?
A155) STOPPER command will stop after completing its field , whereas AUTOSKIP command Will skip
to next
unprotected field after completing its field.
Q156) By which CICS defined field can you determine the position of the cursor on the map ?
A156) ATTRIB FIELD
Q157) How will you place cursor on a field called ‘EMPNO’. This field belongs to mapset
‘MAPEMPG’
and map ‘MAPEMPM’ and Symbolic map ‘Empid-Rec’ ?
A157) BY INSERTING IC IN THE ATTRIB COMMAND
IBMMAINFRAMESQ158) How do you place the cursor on a particular position on the screen? - GS
A158) Move -1 to the length attribute of the field and use the CURSOR option.
Define the field with IC in the BMS map.
Use CURSOR(n m)??
Q159) What are the two outputs created as a result of generation of a map? - GS
A159) The map copybook and the load module.
Page 40 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q160) What is the difference between physical map and symbolic map? - GS
A160) The physical map is the load module and the symbolic map is the data structure.
Q161) What is the attribute byte? - GS
A161) Defines the display/transmission of field. most cases is an output field from the program.
Q162) How do you use extended attributes ?
A162) Define EXTATT=YES and the correct terminal type.
Q163) What are the 3 working storage fields used for every field on the map? - GS
A163) Length, attribute and input/output field.
Q164) What is MDT? What are FSET, FRSET ?
A164) MDT: Bit in the attribute byte indicating modification of field on screen. Happens on an input operation.
FSET: Sets MDT on to ensure field is transmitted. Happens on an output operation.
FRSET: Resets MDT. Until this happens, field continues to be sent. .
Q165) What is the use of DSECT parameter in BMS? com
A165) Is the parameter to generate a symbolic map.
Q166) Do you receive the attribute byte in the symbolic map?
A166) On EOF yes.
Q167) How do you make your BMS maps case sensitive?
A167) Use ASIS???
Q168) What is effect on RECEIVE MAP when PF key is pressed? PA key is pressed?
A168) When PF key is pressed, Data transmission may happen. When PA key is pressed, Data
transmission will not
happen.
Q169) What is the difference between a PF key & a PA key ?
A169) PF keys wake up the task and transmit modified data, PA keys only wake up the task.
Q170) Name the macros used to define the following: MAP MAPSET FIELD
A170) DFHMSD DFHMDI DFHMDF
Q171) Can you use OCCURS in a BMS map? If you do, what are the issues related with its use?
A171) Yes. cannot use group by clause???
Q172) Can you define multiple maps in a BMS mapset?
A172) Yes.
Q173) How is the storage determined in the symbolic map, if you have multiple maps?
A173) Storage for maps redefine the first. This means largest map has to be the first.
Q174) What is the meaning of BMS length of field = 0?
IBMMAINFRAMESA174) Data was not entered in the field
Q175) Can you simply check if length = 0 for checking if a field was modified?
A175) No, not if ERASE EOF was used.
Q176) What do you do if you do not want characters entered by the user to be folded to uppercase
?
Page 41 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A176) Use ASIS option on RECEIVE.
Q177) What does the BUFFER option in RECEIVE mean ?
A177) Brings the entire datastream from the terminal buffer.
Q178) What are the steps you go through to a create a BMS executable?
A178) Assemble to create CSECT and Link
Q179) When you compile a CICS program, the (pre)compiler puts an extra chunk of code. Where
does it get
included and that is it called? What is its length? - GS
A179) DFHEIBLK, DFHCOMMAREA.
Q180) List all the CICS tables and explain their contents. - GS
A180) PPT SIT
PCT JCT .
FCT SNT
DCT SRT
RCT TCT
com
Q181) I have written a CICS program. What tables should I setup to run this program? - GS
A181) PPT, PCT, (FCT, DCT, RCT (if needed)).
Q182) In which table would you make an entry for a BMS map? - GS
A182) PPT
Q183) What is the content of the PPT entry? - GS
A183) Length, Source, Use count, Lang, Res count DFHRPL number
Q184) For a CICS-DB2 program, how is the plan referenced? - GS
A184) Uses a RCT table.
Q185) How is dynamic memory allocated within a CICS application program? - GS
A185) Use a GETMAIN
Q186) What is the use of a TDQ, TSQ? - GS
A186) Temporary data stores.
Q187) How do you read from a TSQ? - GS
A187) Temp storage read command
Q188) If I create a TSQ from one transaction, can I read it from another transaction? - GS
A188) Yes. As long as they run in the same region.
Q189) What are extra partition & intra partition TDQs?
A189) Extra partition TDQs are datasets used for communication b'n CICS and other CICS/Batch
regions. Intrapartition
TDQs are queues for communication within regn.
IBMMAINFRAMESQ190) What is trigger level in the context of TDQs?
A190) For intrapartition TDQs specify the # records at which ATI happens. not applicable for extra
partition TDQs.
Q191) How do you fire a batch job from a CICS transaction ?
A191) Define an extrapartition TDQ as an internal reader and write the JCL to it. Terminate the JCL with /*EOF.
Page 42 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q192) What is ATI? What kind of TDQ can be used?
A192) Automatic Task Initiation. Intra partition TDQ.
Q193) Do you require a table entry for a TSQ?
A193) If recovery is needed.
Q194) Is there any entry for TSQs in CICS tables?
A194) Yes in the DFHTST.
Q195) What is the use of DCT?
A195) Destination Control Table used to define TDQs
Q196) What is ENQ, DEQ ?
A196) Task control commands to make resources serially reusable.
Q197) Can you issue SQL COMMIT from a CICS program? - GS .
A197) Yes.
Q198) What is the other way of terminating a transaction? - GS com
A198) EXEC CICS SYNCPOINT. Assuming it is a LUW. This will not end the Xn.
Q199) What is an ASRA abend ?
A199) Any data exception problem SOC7, SOC4 etc.
Q200) What is an AEY9 abend ?
A200) DB2/IDMS not up.
Q201) What are the situations under which NEWCOPY is required ?
A201) When a program has been used in CICS atleast once and then changed and recompiled.
Q202) What is EXEC CICS RETRIEVE ?
A202) Used by STARTed tasks to get the parameters passed to them.
Q203) Name some important fields in the EIB block ?
A203) EIBRESP, EIBCALEN, EIBRRCDE, EIBTASK, EIBDATE, EIBTIME
Q204) Can you use DYNAMIC calls in CICS ?
A204) Yes, the called routine must be defined in PPT and the calling program must use CALL identifier..
Q205) How do you handle errors in CICS pgms ?
A205) Check EIBRESP after the call or use the HANDLE condition.
Q206) Suppose pgm A passes 30 bytes to pgm B thru commarea and pgm B has defined its
DFHCOMMAREA to be
50 bytes . Is there a problem ?
A206) Yes, if B tries to access bytes 31-50.
Q207) When an XCTL is done, does the tranid change ? Is a new task created ? Does it cause an
IBMMAINFRAMESimplicit
SYNCPOINT to be issued ?
A207) No, No, Yes.
Q208) How do you execute a background CICS transaction ?
A208) With a START or ATI.
Page 43 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q212) What is an AICA abend?
A212) Runaway Task.
Q209) What is the difference between START and XCTL ?
A209) START is used to start a new task. It is a interval control command. XCTL is used to pass control to a program
within the same task. It is a program control command.
Q210) What is the usage of language in the PPT entry?
A210) Language interface and call parameters???
Q211) Can you have CICS code in a copybook? If yes, what happens during compilation?
A211) Yes. Needs to be preprocessed. com
Q213) How would you resolve an ASRA abend?
A213) In COBOL II start with CEBR, and get the offset/instruction. .
Q214) I invoke a transaction from CICS. The program has a code: MOVE DFHCOMMAREA TO
IBMMAINFRAMES WS-AREA.
What happens to this transaction? What happens to the other transactions?
A214) Junk may get moved in. Will cause Storage violation. ????
Q215) When you do a START, what will the value of EIBCALEN?
A215) Zero.
Q216) How are VSAM files Read in CICS pgms? - GS
A216) File Control Commands. Random, Sequential, forward and backward.
Q217) How will you access a VSAM file using an alternate index?
A217) Thru the path. Define path as an FCT and use normal File control commands.
Q218) How do you rollback data written to an ESDS file?
A218) Define the file as recoverable. in cases where records have been inserted into the file, you may need to run a batch
program to logically delete the inserted records.
Q219) I have done a START BROWSE on a VSAM dataset. Can I do another START BROWSE without doing an
END BROWSE?
A219) No.
Q220) Can you access QSAM (seq ) files from CICS ?
A220) No.
Q221) Can you access ESDS files from CICS ?
A221) Yes.
Q222) In the CICS command level all the re-entrancy issues are handled by the System(True or False).
A222) True
Q223) What are the three BMS options ?
A223) Minimum, Standard, Full
Q224) What are the beginning and end points of an LUW called?
A224) Sync point
Page 44 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q225) The DL/I database is a hierarchical database and the DL/I access method isthe access
method of the
Information Management System (IMS)(True or False)
A225) True
Q226) Before you can use a Temporary Storage Queue you must first define the Queue name in the
CICS
Temporary Queue Table)( True or False).
A226) False
Q227) The process of writing its own type of journal records by the application program, other
than the automatic
journalling provided by CICS is called
A227) Explicit Journalling
Q228) In order to display a formatted screen, a terminal must receive a series of data stream called
Native Mode .
Data Stream(True or False). com
A228) True
Q229) Which is the CICS control program which governs the flow of control among the CICS
application
programs?
A229) Program Control Program
Q230) What is the option of the DFHDCT macro which makes it possible to recover logically
deleted records from
an Intrapartition TDQ?
A230) REUSE=YES
Q231) CICS and DB2 can exist in the same region under the Operating system (True or False)
A231) True
Q232) What is the name of the facility provided by CICS to free the application program form the
problems caused
by NMDS (device and format dependence)?
A232) Terminal Paging
Q233) What is the command which will delete a program LOADed into the main storage using
LOAD command?
A233) RELEASE
Q234) Which is the option of the HANDLE AID command that will pass control to the specified
label when any key
is pressed?
A234) ANYKEY
Q235) What is the name of the mapset definition macro?
IBMMAINFRAMES
A235) DFHMSD
Q236) What is the access method used by DB2?
A236) SQL
Q237) What is the command that is used to add a new record to the file?
Page 45 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A237) READ with UPDATE followed by REWRITE
Q238) What will happen when the resource security check has failed on the program which has
been specified in the
PROGRAM option of the LOAD command?
A238) INVREQ
Q239) What is the command used to send a map to a terminal?
A239) SEND MAP
Q240) What is the command used to request notification when the specified time has expired?
A240) POST
Q241) If DATAONLY option is specified in the SEND MAP command what will happen?
A241) Only the symbolic map will be send
Q242) What will happen if the TDQ that you want to delete is not in the DCT?
A242) QIDERR will occur .
com
Q243) The read of a record from an Intrapartition TDQ is not destructive(True or False).
A243) True
Q244) An XCTL uses more CPU time than LINK (True or False)
A244) False
Q245) What is the primary function of the Sign-on Table?
A245) Register security information of all programs
Q246) Native Mode Data Stream (NMDS) is a mixture of Buffer Control Characters(BCC) and text
data (True or
False).
A246) True
Q247) When there are 2 records with the same key specified in a DELETE operation what will
happen?
A247) DUPKEY condition will be set
Q248) The application programs that contain the SQL statements must be Pre-compiled for
converting the SQL
statements into equivalent COBOL statements (True or False)
A248) True
Q249) What are the databases that CICS can access?
A249) DB2, DL/I, ORACLE
Q250) The first step in the development of an application system is the Requirement Analysis(True
or False).
A250) True
IBMMAINFRAMESQ251) CICS provides an interface through which the all the DL/I services can be used under
CICS(True or False).
A251) True
Q252) How to get the sign-on user-id from an application program?
A252) ASSIGN command with USERID option
Page 46 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q253) What is a Logical Unit of Work (LUW)?
A253) A sequence of operations logically tied together
Q254) Translation Time is not reduced if the Pre-compilation is done first(True or False).
A254) True
Q255) What is the general Command format of CICS ?
A255) EXEC CICS followed by the command
Q256) If you use the OPTIMIZE compiler option the size of the program can be reduced by 5 to
10%(True or
False).
A256) True
Q257) For multithreading an application program need not be re-entrant(True or False).
A257) True
Q258) Before issuing an ASKTIME command what will be the values in the EIBDATE and
.
EIBTIME fields if the com
EIB?
A258) The date and time at the task initiation
Q259) What is the error condition that is set when the file specified in the NAME option is not in
the FCT?
A259) PGMIDERR
Q260) For protecting a transaction using the transaction security function, the two things that must
be done are:
1. in the SNT entry of the user who you which to allow to access a protected transaction,
specify SCTKEY=n
2. In the PCT entry of the transactions that you wish to protect specify the TRANSEC=n.
(True or False)
A260) True
Q261) What are the various types of accesses that can be allowed by the SERVREQ option of the
DFHFCT?
A261) ADD,BROWSE,DELETE,READ,UPDATE
Q262) ‘CICS' system services provides an interface between CICS and the operating system and
carries out the
functions like loading and releasing of application programs, acquiring and freeing of
storage , task
scheduling, etc (True or False).
A262) True
Q263) What are the parameters that you have to give when you are using the CSSN transaction?
A263) None
Q264) What is the command that is used to delay the processing of a task for a specified time
IBMMAINFRAMES
interval or until a
specified time?
A264) WAIT
Q265) NMDS is both device dependent and format dependent (True or False)
A265) True
Page 47 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q266) Which is the EIB field that gives the date when a task was started?
A266) EIBDATE
Q267) Which is the AID that will not be identified in the ANYKEY option of the HANDLE AID command?
A267) CLEAR
Q268) Reading a record from a TSQ will logically delete the record from the Queue (True or
False).
A268) True
Q269) What is the option that is used to erase all unprotected fields during a SEND MAP
operation?
A269) ERASEAUP
Q270) What is the CICS command that is used to receive the un-formatted data from the terminal
or logical unit of .
a communication network? com
A270) RECEIVE
Q271) What is the command for reading a record form a TSQ?
A271) READQ TS, READQ
Q272) What will happen, if an out-of-range or negative value is specified in the LENGTH option of
the SEND
command?
A272) The OUTRAGE condition will be set
Q273) Which is the control table where you specify all the transaction that are to be started by
CICS after CICS
start-up?
A273) Sign-on table
Q274) A HANDLE CONDITION remains active until the end of the program or until another
HANDLE
CONDITION command (True or False).
A274) True
Q275) In the conversational mode the system waits for the user to enter his response and then press
an attention
mode of key, and while waiting the resources are held by the program or task. So conversational
programming is inefficient (True or False)
A275) True
Q276) Which is the macro used for making an entry in the PPT
A276) DFHPPT
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q277) The goal of a recovery process is to Maintain the integrity of the data processed by the
system and to
minimize the impact of a task or system failure (True or False).
A277) True
Q278) What is the primary objective of CICS ?
Page 48 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
A278) To provide the control and services of the DB/DC system
Q279) If no exception handling is provided in the program, what will happen ?
A279) CICS will take the default action specified for the condition
Q280) What is the CICS supplied transaction which performs syntax checking of a CICS command?
A280) CEMT
Q281) What is the process of converting the CICS commands into the equivalent host language
statements called?
A281) Translation
Q282) What is the function of the LOAD command?
A282) To fetch a program, table or map to the main storage.
Q283) What is the CICS Command that is used for reading a record from the TDQ?
A283) READQ .
com
Q284) LENGERR, NOTAUTH and PGMIDERR are some of the common exception conditions that
can occur with
LINK and XCTL (True or False).
A284) False
Q285) Which of the following are recoverable CICS resources?
A285) Data files and data bases, Intrapartition TDQs, Auxiliary TSQs
Q286) Which is the program which determines whether a transaction should be restarted ?
A286) DTB
Q287) What is the command used for receiving a map from a terminal?
A287) RECEIVE MAP
Q288) The mode of achieving conversation with the user, by sending him the message and while
waiting for his
response, freeing the system resources is called
A288) Pseudo-conversation
Q289) Which is the command used for terminating a browse operation?
A289) ENDBR
Q290) What is the primary function of the Processing Program Table (PPT)?
A290) To register all programs and maps
Q291) Sync points cannot be requested by the application programs(True or False).
A291) False
Q292) Which is the command that is used to dump the main storage areas related to a task?
A292) DUMP
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q293) What is the CICS command that is used to copy a screen image of a terminal into another terminal?
A293) ISSUE COPY
Page 49 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q294) What is the name of the log which contains the information needed to restart the system,
including the task
sync point information and system activity key points, snapshots of key system tables, etc.
A294) Dynamic Log
Q295) The EIB field which gives the last CICS command executed is
A295) EIBRCODE
Q296) The READ command with INTO option will read the record specified into the data area
specified (True or
false).
A296) False
Q297) The attribute character is an visible 1 byte character which precedes a screen field and
determines the .
characteristics of the field (True or False).
A297) True
Q298) What is the function of the Terminal Control table? com
A298) To register all CICS terminals
Q299) Which is the CICS control program that provides communication services between user
written application
programs and terminals?
A299) Terminal Control Program
Q300) CICS Command level is
A300) Low level version of CICS macro level
Q301) TSQs can be written in the Main storage or Auxiliary storage (True or False).
A301) True
Q302) what is difference between call and link ?
A302) In case of call , whenever you do changes to the called program you need to compile the calling
program also. In case of link , it is not needed .
Q303) what are the differences between DFHCOMMAREA and TSQ ?
A303) Both are used to save data among tasks. but 1. COMMAREA is private to that transaction only .
like every transaction has its own COMMAREA created by CICS as soon as the transaction is
initiated . however TSQ , if queue id is known can be accessed by other transactions also 2.
COMMAREA length is s9(4) comp i.e. 65k . but TSQ can have any length.3. COMMAREA is
available only during the transaction is running. TSQ if created with auxiliary option resides in aux
memory and available even if main memory crashes.4.normally COMMAREA is used to transfer
data from one task to another while tsq is used widely within the task as a scratch pad.
Q304) What is Communication Area?
A304) Communication Area is used to pass data between the program or between the task.
IBMMAINFRAMESQ305) Which of the following statements correctly describe the syntax of CICS command
language?
A). If an EXEC CICS command must be continued onto a second line a hyphen (-) must be
coded in column 7 of the continued line.
B). If an EXEC CICS command must be continued onto a second line an 'X' must be coded
in column 72 of each line to be continued.
Page 50 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
C). An EXEC CICS command CANNOT be coded within a COBOL IF statement, between the IF command and the period (.) ending it.
D). The END-EXEC delimiter is optional and never needs to be placed at the end of a CICS command.
E). The options specified within an EXEC CICS command can be in any order.
A305) E. The options specified within an EXEC CICS command can be in any order. For example 'exec CICS Send From(Msg1) Length(30) End-Exec' can also be coded 'exec Cics Send Length(30) From(Msg1) End-Exec'
Q306) A CICS program ABENDS with an ASRA ABEND code. What is its meaning?
A) A link was issued to a program whose name does not exist in the PPT (Program
Processing Table).
B) A program attempted to use a map that is not defined in the PCT (Program Control
Table).
C) A security violation has occurred. The operator is not defined with the proper authority in
the SNT (Sign-
on Table) to use a particular file
D) A program interrupt (0C0 or 0C1 or 0C2 or ...) has occurred in a CICS program.
.
com
E) An I/O error has occurred when attempting to use a VSAM file from a CICS program
A306) A program interrupt (0C0 or 0C1 or 0C2 or ...) has occurred in a CICS program.
Q307) Which of the following commands, when issued by 2 different programs running at the same time, will prevent simultaneous use of resource 'SINGLE'?
B) EXEC CICS PROTECT RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
C) EXEC CICS HOLD RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
D) EXEC CICS TASK SINGLE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
E) EXEC CICS EXCLUSIVE RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC.
A307) EXEC CICS EXCLUSIVE RESOURCE('SINGLE') LENGTH(6) END-EXEC
Q308) The map shown below is displayed with:
EXEC CICS SEND MAP('MAP1') MAPSET('MAP1S') MAPONLY END-EXEC. After the screen is displayed, the operator enters 1 character, the letter 'X'. Where will the cursor now appear on the screen?
MAP1S DFHMSD TYPE=MAP,MODE=INOUT,CTRL=(FREEKB,FRSET),LANG=COBOL, X TIOAPFX=YESMAP1
DFHMDI SIZE=(24,80) DFHMDF POS=(5,1),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1FIELD2 DFHMDF
POS=(5,3),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1FIELD3 DFHMDF POS=(5,5),ATTRB=(UNPROT,IC),LENGTH=1FIELD4 DFHMDF POS=(5,7),ATTRB=ASKIP,LENGTH=1FIELD5 DFHMDF POS=(5,9),ATTRB=UNPROT,LENGTH=1,INITIAL='Z' DFHMDF POS=(5,11),ATTRB=ASKIP,LENGTH=1 DFHMSD TYPE=FINAL
A) In the field with a POS=(5,1) B) In FIELD2. C) In FIELD3. D) In FIELD4. E) In FIELD5.
A308) In FIELD5
Q309) How can you accomplish breakpoint in intertest?
A309) U-for unconditional breakpoint, C-for conditional breakpoint, and A-for automatic breakpoint
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q310) How many ways are there for initiating a transaction? what are they?
A310) There are six ways in initiating a transaction.they are as follows.
1. embedding four character transid on the top left most corner of the screen.
2. making use of EXEC CICS START TRANSID ( )
3. making use of EXEC CICS RETURN TRANSID ( )
Page 51 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
4. By defining the transid in DCT (destination control table) to enable ATI (AUTOMATIC TASK INITIATION)
5. Making use of PLT ( program list table)
6. By associating four character transid in PCT (program control table)
Q311) Which type of TDQ is read destructive?
A311) Intrapartition TDQ is read destructive. extra partition tdq is not read destructive.
Q312) The error code AEIV?
A312) This is the error code for length, if length of the source data is more than the receiving field, This
error will occur.
Q313) What is the size of commarea
A313) The default commarea size is 65k.
Q314) What is ASRAABEND in CICS?
A314) It occurs when program interruption takes place. e.g.: when alphanumeric string moved to numeric
data item OR .
com
when arithmetic calculations performed on nonnumeric data item OR when an attempt made to
read an occurrence
of a table beyond the defined occurrences.
Q315) What is a two Phase commit in CICS?
A315) This occurs when a programmer Issues a Exec CICS Syncpoint command. this is called two phase
because CICS
are will first commit changes to the resources under its control like VSAM files. and the DB2 changes
committed. Usually CICS signals Db2 to complete the next phase and release all the locks.
Q316) Difference between TSQ & TDQ
A316) TDQ is read destructive, TSQ is not. TSQ can be created dynamically, TDQ cannot be created
dynamically. TSQ is
temporary in nature (i.e. it will be deleted when the program finishes execution, unless it is made
permanent by
making a entry in the Temporary Storage Table), TDQ is not.
Q317) What is ENQ in CICS?
A317) If any one want to restrict Trans-Id to single user, enter trans-id with ENQ. It won't allow any one
else to use the
same trans-id.
Q318) In SYMBOLIC Cursor Positioning after moving -1 to the length field also the cursor is not
positioned in that particular field. Give reasons?
A318) You have to explicitly specify the word CURSOR between your EXEC CICS and END-EXEC in
the program.
Q319) What does EIB mean?
A319) The EIB is the EXECUTIVE INTERFACE BLOCK. It is not the EXECUTE INTERFACE
IBMMAINFRAMESBLOCK. All TP
monitors or transaction processors are know as EXECUTIVEs as they carry out process on behalf
of a program
module. CICS and DB2 are executives.
Q320) How many exceptional condition can be given in a HANDLE CONDITION?
A320) Max. of 12 exceptional conditions can be given in a single HANDLE CONDITION.
Page 52 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q321) How do you access the records randomly in TSQ ?
A321) By specifying the ITEM option
Q322) What command do you issue to delete a record in a transient data queue ?
A322) READQ TD, the read is destructive.
Q323) What are different ways of initiating transaction in CICS ?
A323) We can initiate cics transaction a) by giving transaction id b) by giving cics start command c)
automatic task
initiation.
Q324) What is the difference between LINK and XCTL ?
A324) The XCTL command passes control to another program, but the resources requested by the first
program may still
be allocated. A task does not end until a RETURN statement is executed. While in LINK
command, program control
resumes its instruction following the LINK parameter. The disadvantage of LINK is that it requires
that both the com
needed. calling program and the called program remain in main memory even though both are no longer
Q325) What is the difference between CICS Program Control Table (PCT) and CICS Processing
Program Table (PPT) ?
A325) PCT contains a list of valid transaction ID. Each transaction ID is paired with the name of the
program ,CICS will
load and execute when the transaction is invoked. On the other hand, PPT indicates each program's
location which
pertains to a storage address if the program has already been loaded or a disk location if the
program hasn't been
loaded. PPT will also be used to determine whether it will load a new copy of the program when
the transaction is
invoked.
Q326) What are the 3 common ways to create maps?
A326) The first way is to code a physical map and then code a matching symbolic map in your COBOL
program. The
second way to create a physical map along with a matching symbolic map is to code only the
physical map using the
&SYSPARM option, CICS will automatically create a member in a COPY library. And the third
way is to use a
map generator such as SDF (Screen Definition Facility)
Q327) What is Quasi-reentrancy?
A327) There are times when many users are concurrently using the same program, this is what we call
MultiThreading. For
example, 50 users are using program A, CICS will provide 50 Working storage for that program
IBMMAINFRAMES but one Procedure
Division. And this technique is known as quasi-reentrancy
Q328) What is the difference between a physical BMS mapset and a logical BMS mapset?
A328) The physical mapset is a load module used to map the data to the screen at execution time. The symbolic map is the
actual copybook member used in the program to reference the input and output fields on the
screen.
Page 53 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
Q329) How To Set MDT(Modified Data Tag) Thru Application Program?(Dynamically)?
A329) You have to move the following macro DFHBMFSE to the Attribute field of that particular Variable.
Q330) What CICS facilities can you use to save data between the transactions?
A330) COMMONAREA, TSQ & TDQ.
Q331) How would you release control of the record in a READ for UPDATE?
A331) By issuing a REWRITE,DELETE, or UNLOCK command or by ending the task.
Q332) What is the difference between a RETURN with TRANSID and XCTL ?For example prog.
A is issuing REUTRN with TRANSID to prog B. Prog A. is issuing XCTL to prog B?
A332) In RETURN with TRANSID the control goes to the CICS region and the user have to transfer the
control to prog. B
by pressing any of the AID KEYS.In XCTL the control is directly transfer to prog. B.
Q333) What will be the length of the eibcalen ,if the transaction is used to cics first time?
A333) The length will be 0(zero). .
Q334) What is DFHEIBLK? com
A334) DFHEIBLK is Execute Interface Block. It is placed in the linkage section automatically by CICS
translator program.
It must be the first entry in linkage section. CICS places values prior to giving control to the
program and we can
find almost any information about our transaction.
Q335) What is the difference between the XCTL and LINK commands?
A335) The LINK command anticipates return of control to the calling program, the XCTL command does
not. Return to
the calling program will be the result of the CICS RETURN command, specifying
TRANSID(name of the calling
program).
Q336) What CICS command would you use to read a VSAM KSDS sequentially in ascending
order?
A336) First issue a STARTBR(start browse), which will position the browse at the desired record.
Retrieve records by
using subsequent READNEXT commands. Indicate the end of sequential processing with the
ENDBR command. If
the generic key is specified in the STARTBR command positioning in the file will be before the
first record
satisfying the generic key.For reading in descending order use the READPREV instead of
READNEXT.
Q337) What is the difference between pseudo-conversational and conversational?
A337) Pseudo-conversational will start a new task for each input. By coding a CICS RETURN command
specifying ‘
TRANSID(itself). Conversational will have an active task during the duration of the data entry.
IBMMAINFRAMES
Q338) What is the COMMAREA(communications area)?
A338) An area used to transfer data between different programs or between subsequent executions of the
same program.
Needs to be defined in the Linkage Section.
Page 54 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
1. What are the pros and cons of Conversation Vs Pseudo conversation programming ?
2. Explain IPC mechanisms and means in CICS?
3. Can we use EXEC SQL COMMIT/ROLLBACK in CICS? If so how? if not what are the alternatives?
4. What are the advantages of TDQ?
5. How do you implement locking in CICS?
6. What is multithreading?
7. Name 3 cobol commands that cannot be used with CICS
8. Why is it important not to execute a STOP RUN in CICS ?
9. How are programs reinitiated under CICS ?
10. Why must all CICS programs have a Linkage Section ?
11. Why doesn’t CICS use the Cobol Open and Close statements ?
12. What is the difference between a Symbolic map and Physical map ?
13. If a physical map has six variable fields and nine constant fields, how many fields must the symbolic
map has ?
14. In which column must label begin ?
15. Code the parameter that will assign a start value to the filed
16. Can a program change protected field ?
17. How many columns will be needed on a screen to display a protected field that has 4 bytes of data
.
com
18. How many columns will be needed to on a screen to display an unprotected field that has 4 bytes of
data
19. What are the 2 categories of extended attributes ?
20. When using extended attributes , how many attribute bytes will be needed for each symbolic map field
?
21. How is the stopper byte different from an autoskip byte ?
22. By which command do you preserve working storage fields ?
23. How do you restore working storage fields ?
24. Which command will release all the resources used by the program ?
25. What is the relationship between EIBCALEN and DFHCOMMAREA ?
26. How will you place cursor on a field called ‘EMPNO’. This field belongs to mapset ‘MAPEMPG’
and map ‘MAPEMPM’ and Symbolic map ‘Empid-Rec’ ?
27. How will the program know which key has been pressed.
28. By which CICS defined field can you determine the position of the cursor on the map ?
29. What is the function of a STARTBR ?
30. Assume that a file contains 100 records ,If one start browse and 99 read next commands have been
executed , which record will currently be in memory ?
31. True or False ? . In a browse program the program should remain active while a user is viewing a
screen
32. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to start a browse beyond end-of file ?
33. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to continue reading backward beyond the
beginning of file?
34. What will happen if a user enters a record key that is lower than the lowest record key in a file ?
35. How can this answer be affected by the Start-Browse option ?
36. Describe a method for beginning a browse at the beginning of a file .
37. When is the condition of NOTFND not an error ?
38. What will happen if you code a send map command or a return statement with the same transid
option if a MAPFAIL occurs ?
39. Why is the Enter Key option explicitly coded in the Handle Aid command ?
40. What happens if you omit labels on a HANDLE Condition command ?
IBMMAINFRAMES 41. What is the difference between a NOHANDLE and an IGNORE condition ?
42. What are the 3 broad ways that a program can give up control ?
43. What is the difference between XCTL and RETURN.
44. What happens if a DELETEQ TS command is executed ?
45. Why is the terminal ID often used as a part of a TSQ ?
46. What is the maximum length of a TSQ name ?
47. What is the maximum length of a TDQ name ?
Page 55 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
48. Is it necessary to define a TSQ in a CICS table ?
49. Can you read the 5th item of a TDQ ?
50. Where are TDQ’s defined ?
51. Can you delete an individual record from a TSQ or a TDQ ?
52. Can you update a record in a TDQ ?
53. Why is it necessary to update PPT ?
54. In which CICS table do we define the transaction for a program?
55. Distinguish between TSQ and TDQ.
56. What is DFHBMSCA?
57. What is Pseudo conversational programming?
58. Name 3 cobol commands that cannot be used with CICS
59. If a physical map has six variable fields and nine constant fields , how many fields must the symbolic
map has ?
60. In which column must label begin ?
61. Code the parameter that will assign a start value to the filed
62. How many columns will be needed on a screen to display a protected field that has 4 bytes of data?
63. How many columns will be needed to on a screen to display an unprotected field that has 4 bytes of
data .
64. What are the 2 categories of extended attributes ? com
65. When using extended attributes , how many attribute bytes will be needed for each symbolic map field
?
66. By which command do you preserve working storage fields ?
67. How do you restore working storage fields ?
68. Which command will release all the resources used by the program ?
69. What is the relationship between EIBCALEN and DFHCOMMAREA ?
70. How will the program know which key has been pressed.
71. What is the function of a STARTBR ?
72. Assume that a file contains 100 records ,If one start browse and 99 read next commands have been
executed , which record will currently be in memory ?
73. True or False ? . In a browse program the program should remain active while a user is viewing a
screen
74. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to start a browse beyond end-of file ?
75. Which condition will be triggered if a user attempts to continue reading backward beyond the
beginning of file?
76. What will happen if a user enters a record key that is lower than the lowest record key in a file ? How
can this answer be affected by the Start-Browse option ?
77. Describe a method for beginning a browse at the beginning of a file .
78. When is the condition of NOTFND not an error ?
79. What will happen if you code a send map command or a return statement with the same transid
option if a MAPFAIL occurs ?
80. Why is the Enter Key option explicitly coded in the Handle Aid command ?
81. What happens if you omit labels on a HANDLE Condition command ?
IBMMAINFRAMES 82. What is the difference between a NOHANDLE and an IGNORE condition ?
83. What are the 3 broad ways that a program can give up control ?
84. What is the difference between XCTL and RETURN.
85. What happens if a DELETEQ TS command is executed ?
86. Why is the terminal ID often used as a part of a TSQ ?
87. What is the maximum length of a TSQ name ?
88. What is the maximum length of a TDQ name ?
89. Is it necessary to define a TSQ in a CICS table ?
90. Can you read the 5th item of a TDQ ?
91. Where are TDQ’s defined ?
92. Can you delete an individual record from a TSQ or a TDQ ?
93. Can you update a record in a TDQ ?
94. Why is it necessary to update PPT ?
Page 56 of 260 IBMMAINFRAMES.com
95. In which CICS table do we define the transaction for a program ?
96. How do you do a browse Operation
97. If you have a new map, new program, and a newfile, which CICS tables do you update?
98. How to read a TS Queue
99. Differentiate between XCTL and LINK
100.What is START ?
101.How do you update a file in CICS In JCL, 102.What is a temporary dataset?
103.What is a PROC, and how is it different from a JCL 104.Differentiate instream procedures versus Catalogued procedures 105.What is difference between TDQ and TSQ ?
106.How do interval control transactions invoke themselves 107.How do we read a VSAM file in CICS
113.How do I find the name of the CICS region inside my COBOL program? com
108.What are some of imp. CICS commands and their parameters 109.How do you protect a field from being overlaid? - GS
110.What are SEND MAP MAPONLY & SEND MAP DATAONLY ? . 111.What are the restrictions while using GETMAIN and FREEMAIN? - GS
IBMMAINFRAMES 114.Can a CICS region be attached to more than one DB2 subsystem ?
112.I have TSQ with 15 items. I want to delete the 10th item. How do I do that?
115.What determines the DB2 subsystem to which a particular CICS region is attached ? 116.What is the DSNC transaction used for ?
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)